compartment syndrome Flashcards
how does compartment syndrome happen?
condition that results from swelling of a muscle, leads to occlusion of the blood supply
how is the muscle fixed within its retained volume?
in fasica compartment
If left untreated, it can result in loss of limb, or less severely an ischaemic contraction known as?
volkmanns ischaemic contracture
where does compartment syndrome occur?
typically in forearm or calf
when would it happen acutely?
in trauma
it is often a clinical diagnosis, but can be diagnosed by?
measurement of compartment pressures
why do athletes get chronic compartment syndrome?
possibly due to recurrent episodes of rhabdomoylitis
pathophysiology?
swelling of muscle
initially only venous flow is affected - arterial flow still occurs (due to greater pressure)
Eventually, the pressure within the compartment exceeds the arterial pressure, and the muscle begins to undergo ischaemia.
If there are reduced or absent pulses, then it is likely the diagnosis is too late to stop severe ischaemic damage.
,
what type of injuries at at risk of compartment syndrome?
children/young adults with
tibial shaft fractures
forearm fractures
crush injuries
what should you do if you have suspicion of compartment syndrome?
refer to surgery
examination findings?
6 Ps of critical limb ischaemia Pain Pallor Paraesthesia Pulselss Paralysis Perishingly cold
treatment of compartment syndrome?
fasciotomy (asap to minimise risk)
what immediate actions can you do?
remove onstrictive dressings, raise limb above level of heart, monitor urine output, analgesia (morphine)
how do you prevent rhabdomyolysis?
fluid therapy
