pain assessment and management Flashcards
type of pain:
* Pain that persists for 3 months or
more
* Pain that persists beyond expected
period of healing
chronic
type of pain:
* Episodic
* Examples include migraine
headaches, episodic sickle cell pain,
recurrent abdominal pain, and limb
pain
recurrent
preschooler view of pain
-physical concrete experience
-views pain as punishment
-blames someone for causing pain
school age view of pain
7-9. yo:
-understand simple relationship of pain and disease
-perceives psychological pain
10-12 yo:
-understands cause and effect
adolescent view of pain
-able to give reason for pain
-perceives types of pain
-fears losing control during painful experience
pediatric pain assessment areas
-brows
-eyes
-cheeks
-nose
-mouth
pain scales
-NIPS (for NICU)
-FLACC
-FACES
-numeric pain scale
what age cannot have motrin
<6 mos
what is N-PASS
neonatal pain, agitation, and sedation scale
what is assessed in NIPS
-facial expression
-cry
-breathing
-arms
-legs
-alertness
what is assessed in FLACC
-face
-legs
-activity
-cry
-consolability
FLACC scores and meaning
0: relaxed and comfortable
1-3: mild discomfort
4-6: moderate
7-10: severe
what age can use verbal analog scale (0-10 rating)
8+ yo
what age can use FACES scale
3+ yo
can you use demerol in kids
NO
increased risk seizures
nonpharmacologic interventions infant pain
holding
cuddling
pacifier
massage
nonpharmacologic interventions toddler pain
hold
rock
massage
touch
music
bubbles
stories
nonpharmacologic interventions preschoolers pain
play
stories
music
TV/movie
nonpharmacologic interventions school age children pain
rhythmic breathing
muscle relaxation
guided imagery
TV/movie
music
nonpharmacologic interventions adolescents pain
rhythmic breathing
muscle relaxation
guided imagery
games
TV/movie
music
visitors
gold standard opioid for pain relief
morphine
opioid side effects
-resp depression
-constipation, itching, nausea
-sedation
-tolerance
-dependence
-addiction
-pseudoaddiction
how can you decrease/eliminate burning and stinging for lidocaine injections
-warm it
-use buffered lidocaine
when do you assess after pain interventions
15-30 mins
(PO must be documented within 60 mins of admin)
S+S unrelieved pain in neonates
-increased ICP, HR, BP, RR
-decreased SpO2
-muscle rigidity
-facial expression, crying
-withdrawal
-sleeplessness
how often is monitoring done with deep anesthesia
q5mins
