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peds > ch 29 oncology > Flashcards

ch 29 oncology Flashcards

1
Q

types of cancer that have genetic basis (can be inherited -3)

A

wilms tumor
retinoblastoma
neuroblastoma

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2
Q

type of cancer associated with down syndrome (chromosome abnormality)

A

leukemia

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3
Q

Dx of cancers

A

labs
biopsy
lumbar puncture
imaging studies
review of symptoms and physical exam

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4
Q

modes of therapy for cancers

A

-surgery
-chemo
-radiation
-biologic response modifiers (BRMs)
-bone marrow transplant

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5
Q

2 categories bone marrow transplant

A

allogenic (not from pt)
-matched related donor
-matched unrelated donor
-umbilical cord blood

autologous (from pt)
-peripheral stem cells

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6
Q

what is made in bone marrow

A

white
blood
platelets

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7
Q

what type of bone marrow would someone get if they have blood cancer (leukemia)

A

allogenic

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8
Q

what type of bone marrow would someone get if they don’t have blood cancer but need bone marrow saved for post-chemo “rescue”

A

autologous

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9
Q

S+S ped cancer

A

pain
fever
skin changes
anemia
abdominal mass
swollen lymph nodes

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10
Q

risk factors acute tumor lysis syndrome

A

large tumor burden
sensitive to chemo
high proliferative rate
high WBC at Dx

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11
Q

S+S acute tumor lysis syndrome

A

-flank pain
-lethargy
-N/V
-oliguria
-pruritis
-tetany
-altered LOC

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12
Q

consequences acute tumor lysis syndrome

A

-hypocalcemia
-hyperphosphatemia
-hyperkalemia
-uremia
-hyperuricemia
-acute renal failure
-death

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13
Q

Tx acute tumor lysis syndrome

A

-aggressive fluids
-frequent labs
-monitor I&O, urine output

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14
Q

nursing consideration for vaccines with chemo

A

they have to get them all again

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15
Q

unrestricted proliferation of immature WBCs in bone marrow and lymphatic system
*most severely affects liver and spleen

A

leukemia

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16
Q

S+S leukemia

A

-infection
-anemia (cold, fatigued)
-low platelets (bruising, bleeding)
-pain
-weight loss
-spleen and liver enlarged
-easy to break bones
-leukemic meningitis

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17
Q

two types leukemia

A

ALL: acute lymphocytic leukemia (higher survivability)
AML: acute myeloid leukemia

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18
Q

most common site for relapse in cancer pts

A

CNS (brain and spinal cord)

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19
Q

what do pts get with every chemo Tx to prevent CNS involvement

A

lumbar puncture with chemo

20
Q

side effects of Tx

A

infection
hemorrhage
anemia
N/V
alopecia
altered nutrition (weight loss)
mouth sores (all throughout GI system)

21
Q

side effects of high doses steroids

A

mood changes
swollen face

22
Q

who is hodgkin lymphoma more common in

A

older kids (15-19 yo)

23
Q

who is non-hodgkin lymphoma more common in

A

younger kids (<14 yo)

24
Q

S+S hodgkin lymphoma

A

*REED STERNBERG cells under microscope
-painless enlargement lymph nodes

25
Q

S+S non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

-spreads really fast
-pain and swelling lymph nodes

26
Q

infratentorial brain tumor

A

in posterior 1/3 of brain (brain stem and cerebellum)

27
Q

supratentorial brain tumor

A

in anterior 1/3 of brain (cerebrum)

28
Q

malignant extracranial solid tumor
-most common diagnosed in infancy
-majority develop in adrenal gland (on top of kidneys)
-primary site: mass in abdomen

A

neuroblastoma
-can metastasize

29
Q

wilms tumor location

A

kidney
-doesn’t cross midline

30
Q

what age is more survivable with neuroblastoma

A

1 yo or younger (spontaneous regression with maturation of adrenal gland cells)

31
Q

Dx neuroblastoma

A

radioactive iodine xray (MIBG)

32
Q

who is bone tumors more common in

A

more common in males and adolescents

33
Q

Dx bone tumors

A

-rule out trauma/infection
-CT scans/bone scans/bone biopsy
-MRI
-labs: elevated alkaline phosphate

34
Q

most primary bone tumor sites

A

femur right above knee

35
Q

Tx osteosarcoma

A

rotationplasty

36
Q

2 types bone tumor

A

osteosarcoma: in bone
ewing sarcoma:in soft tissue

37
Q

trademark of ewing sarcoma under microscope

A

small blue cells

38
Q

Tx ewing sarcoma

A

radiation
chemo
(not usually surgery and rotationplasty)

39
Q

malignant renal and intraabdominal tumor of childhood
-genetic component
-doesn’t cross midline

A

wilms tumor

40
Q

who is wilms more frequent in

A

males
2-3 yo
african americans

41
Q

where is rhabdomyosarcoma

A

striated muscle

42
Q

is retinoblastoma genetic

A

yes

43
Q

common sign retinoblastoma

A

“cats eye reflex”
white in pupil of eye

44
Q

straying of eye to side

A

strabismus

45
Q

long term effects cancer Tx for the survivor

A

-hormonal imbalances
-sterilization
-overproduction iron (impacts heart and liver)
-learning disabilities
-delayed growth and development
-T2 diabetes

peds (28 decks)

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