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ch 29 oncology Flashcards

1
Q

types of cancer that have genetic basis (can be inherited -3)

A

wilms tumor
retinoblastoma
neuroblastoma

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2
Q

type of cancer associated with down syndrome (chromosome abnormality)

A

leukemia

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3
Q

Dx of cancers

A

labs
biopsy
lumbar puncture
imaging studies
review of symptoms and physical exam

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4
Q

modes of therapy for cancers

A

-surgery
-chemo
-radiation
-biologic response modifiers (BRMs)
-bone marrow transplant

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5
Q

2 categories bone marrow transplant

A

allogenic (not from pt)
-matched related donor
-matched unrelated donor
-umbilical cord blood

autologous (from pt)
-peripheral stem cells

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6
Q

what is made in bone marrow

A

white
blood
platelets

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7
Q

what type of bone marrow would someone get if they have blood cancer (leukemia)

A

allogenic

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8
Q

what type of bone marrow would someone get if they don’t have blood cancer but need bone marrow saved for post-chemo “rescue”

A

autologous

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9
Q

S+S ped cancer

A

pain
fever
skin changes
anemia
abdominal mass
swollen lymph nodes

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10
Q

risk factors acute tumor lysis syndrome

A

large tumor burden
sensitive to chemo
high proliferative rate
high WBC at Dx

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11
Q

S+S acute tumor lysis syndrome

A

-flank pain
-lethargy
-N/V
-oliguria
-pruritis
-tetany
-altered LOC

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12
Q

consequences acute tumor lysis syndrome

A

-hypocalcemia
-hyperphosphatemia
-hyperkalemia
-uremia
-hyperuricemia
-acute renal failure
-death

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13
Q

Tx acute tumor lysis syndrome

A

-aggressive fluids
-frequent labs
-monitor I&O, urine output

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14
Q

nursing consideration for vaccines with chemo

A

they have to get them all again

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15
Q

unrestricted proliferation of immature WBCs in bone marrow and lymphatic system
*most severely affects liver and spleen

A

leukemia

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16
Q

S+S leukemia

A

-infection
-anemia (cold, fatigued)
-low platelets (bruising, bleeding)
-pain
-weight loss
-spleen and liver enlarged
-easy to break bones
-leukemic meningitis

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17
Q

two types leukemia

A

ALL: acute lymphocytic leukemia (higher survivability)
AML: acute myeloid leukemia

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18
Q

most common site for relapse in cancer pts

A

CNS (brain and spinal cord)

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19
Q

what do pts get with every chemo Tx to prevent CNS involvement

A

lumbar puncture with chemo

20
Q

side effects of Tx

A

infection
hemorrhage
anemia
N/V
alopecia
altered nutrition (weight loss)
mouth sores (all throughout GI system)

21
Q

side effects of high doses steroids

A

mood changes
swollen face

22
Q

who is hodgkin lymphoma more common in

A

older kids (15-19 yo)

23
Q

who is non-hodgkin lymphoma more common in

A

younger kids (<14 yo)

24
Q

S+S hodgkin lymphoma

A

*REED STERNBERG cells under microscope
-painless enlargement lymph nodes

25
S+S non-hodgkin lymphoma
-spreads really fast -pain and swelling lymph nodes
26
infratentorial brain tumor
in posterior 1/3 of brain (brain stem and cerebellum)
27
supratentorial brain tumor
in anterior 1/3 of brain (cerebrum)
28
malignant extracranial solid tumor -most common diagnosed in infancy -majority develop in adrenal gland (on top of kidneys) -primary site: mass in abdomen
neuroblastoma -can metastasize
29
wilms tumor location
kidney -doesn't cross midline
30
what age is more survivable with neuroblastoma
1 yo or younger (spontaneous regression with maturation of adrenal gland cells)
31
Dx neuroblastoma
radioactive iodine xray (MIBG)
32
who is bone tumors more common in
more common in males and adolescents
33
Dx bone tumors
-rule out trauma/infection -CT scans/bone scans/bone biopsy -MRI -labs: elevated alkaline phosphate
34
most primary bone tumor sites
femur right above knee
35
Tx osteosarcoma
rotationplasty
36
2 types bone tumor
osteosarcoma: in bone ewing sarcoma:in soft tissue
37
trademark of ewing sarcoma under microscope
small blue cells
38
Tx ewing sarcoma
radiation chemo (not usually surgery and rotationplasty)
39
malignant renal and intraabdominal tumor of childhood -genetic component -doesn't cross midline
wilms tumor
40
who is wilms more frequent in
males 2-3 yo african americans
41
where is rhabdomyosarcoma
striated muscle
42
is retinoblastoma genetic
yes
43
common sign retinoblastoma
"cats eye reflex" white in pupil of eye
44
straying of eye to side
strabismus
45
long term effects cancer Tx for the survivor
-hormonal imbalances -sterilization -overproduction iron (impacts heart and liver) -learning disabilities -delayed growth and development -T2 diabetes

peds (28 decks)

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