ch 15 health promotion of school age child and family Flashcards
what age is considered school age
6-12 yo
what does school age classification technically begin and end with
begin: losing first baby teeth
ends: puberty and has all adult teeth
expected height increase per year
2 inches
expected weight increase per year
2-3 kg
psychosocial development
-relationships center around same-sex peers
-freud: “latency” period
are girls or guys usually taller during this time
girls taller
two years preceding puberty
prepubescence
average age puberty for girls? for boys?
girls: 12 yo
boys: 14 yo
erikson stage for school age children
industry v inferiority
characteristics of erikson’s industry
-eager to develop skills and participate in meaningful and socially useful work
-acquire sense of personal and interpersonal competence
-growing sense of independence
-peer approval is strong motivator
characteristics of erikson’s inferiority
-feelings may derive from self/social environment
-May occur if incapable or unprepared to assume the responsibilities associated with
developing a sense of accomplishment
-All children feel some degree of inferiority regarding skill(s) they cannot master
what stage of piaget’s cognitive development is this age group in
concrete operations
characteristics of piaget’s concrete operations
-use thought processes to experience events and actions
-Develop understanding of relationships between things and ideas (cause + effect)
-Able to make judgments based on reason
-Conservation—physical matter does not appear and disappear by magic
ability to analyze, think about, and talk about language independent of the concrete meaning of each word
metalinguistic awareness
kohlberg’s moral development characteristics for schoolage children
-6-7 yo: rewards and punishments guide choices
-older school age: able to judge and act by intentions that prompted it
spiritual development in this age group
-children think in very concrete terms
-children expect punishment for misbehavior
-may view illness/injury as punishment for real/imagined misdeed
language development in this age group
-efficient language skills
-correct syntax, improved grammar, word usage
-“metalinguistic awareness”
-realizing that the order of words determine the meaning
social development in this age group
-importance of peer group
-identification with peers is strong influence in child gaining independence from parents
-sex roles strongly influenced by peer relationships
-formation of groups/clubs
characteristics of play in this age group
TYPES
-ego mastery
-quiet games and activities
-team play
OTHER
-rules and rituals
-groups, cliques, clubs, secret societies
-involves physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy
relationships with families in this age group
-parents are primary influences
-increasing independence from parents
-children not ready to abandon parent control
conscious awareness of a variety of
self-perceptions (abilities, values, appearance,
etc.)
self awareness
body image development in this age group
-generally like their physical selves less as they get older
-body image influenced by others (and media)
-increased awareness of differences may influence feelings of inferiority
sexuality development in this age group
-normal curiosity of childhood
-attitudes toward sex (generally uninterested)
-use of terminology
self esteem development in this age group
-begins to internalize outside opinions
-self confidence v self doubt
-pets can have positive effect on physical and emotional health
-parents should be honest and encouraging
-small successes can improve self esteem
sources of stress in school age children
-parents
-peers
-violence/bullying
S+S internalizing stress
-withdrawal
-delaying tactics
-daydreaming
S+S externalizing stress
-aggression
-delinquency
S+S stress response in children
-stomach pains
-headache
-bed wetting
-changes in eating habits
-aggressive/stubborn behavior
-reluctance to participate
-regression to earlier behaviors
interventions for stress reduction in children
-relaxation techniques
-deep breathing
-progressive relaxation of muscle groups
-positive imagery
-physical activity
how many hours of sleep needed for school age children
-5 yo
-11 yo
average 9.5 hr/night
-5 yo: 11.5 hrs/night
-11 yo: 9 hrs/night
most common cause severe injury and death in this age group
motor vehicle crashes (pedestrian and passenger)
*importance of bike helmets
