Pain Flashcards
1
Q
What are the side effects of Tramadol
A
- lower seizure threshold
- serotonin syndrome
- increase risk of bleeding
- psychiatric disorders
2
Q
What age is codeine for
A
12 plus
3
Q
When should you avoid Codeine
A
- avoid in children under 18 with tonsils removed
- avoid in patients who are rapid metabolisers (afro Caribbean)
- avoid in breast feeding
4
Q
Opiate Side effects
A
- dry mouth
- constipation
- N+V
- Hypotension
- Miosis (pupil contraction)
5
Q
How to treat neuropathic Pain
A
- TCA (Amitryptaline)
- Anti epileptics (Pregab/Gaba)
- Opiates
- Topicals Localised
6
Q
Side effects of prolonged use of strong opioids
A
- Hypogonaism (not many sex hormones)
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Hyperalgesia (small sensation causes big reaction)
7
Q
What is the Antidote for Opioid toxicity
A
Naloxone
8
Q
When should you avoid opioids
A
- Paralytic Ileus
- Respiratory Disease
- Head Injury
9
Q
How should you increase dose of opioids
A
increase dose by 1/3 to 1/2 every day
9
Q
How should you reduce dose of opioids
A
reduce does by 1/3 to 1/2 when switching opioids to reduce overdose
10
Q
Opioid patch criteria
A
- avoid heat
- apply to dry, hairless area
- rotated sites
if signs of toxicity, remove patch immediately
11
Q
How should you withdraw Gabapentin and Pregabaline
A
slowly taper off dose
