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Central Nervous System > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of seizures

A
  • Focal Seizures
  • Generalised Seizures
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2
Q

What is the 1st and 2nd Line treatment for Focal seizures

A

1st Line:
Lamotrigine / Levetiracetam

2nd Line:
Carbemazapine, Oxcarbazepine, Zonisamide

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3
Q

What is the 1st Line treatment for all types of Generalised Seizures

A

1st Line:
Sodium Valproate

apart from Absence Seizure
==> Ethosuximide

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4
Q

What is the 2nd Line treatment for Tonic-clonic and Absence seizure with others

A

Levetiracetam / Lamotrigine

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5
Q

What is the 2nd Line treatment for Atonic and Tonic seizures

A

Lamotrigine

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6
Q

What is the 2nd Line treatment for Myoclonic seizures

A

Levetiracetam

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7
Q

What is the 2nd Line treatment for for Absence seizure on its own

A

Sodium Valproate

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8
Q

What is the 1st Line treatment for status Epilepticus in Community

A
  • Rectal Diazepam
  • Buccal Midazolam
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9
Q

What is the 1st Line treatment for status Epilepticus in Hospital

A

IV Lorazepam

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10
Q

What is the 2nd Line treatment for status Epilepticus in both community and hospital

A

if unresponsive for 5 to 10 mins
- re administer 1st Line

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11
Q

What is the 3rd Line treatment for status Epilepticus in both community and hospital

A
  • Levitiractam
  • Phenytoin
  • Sodium Valproate
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12
Q

What is the 4th Line treatment for status Epilepticus in both community and hospital

A
  • Phenobarbital
  • Generalised Anaesthesia
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13
Q

Which drugs interact with Carbamazaepine, Phenytoin, Sodium Valproate to induce hepatotoxicity

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Itraconazole
  • Macrolides
  • Alcohol
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14
Q

Which drugs interact with Carbamazaepine, Phenytoin, Sodium Valproate to lower seizure thresholds

A
  • Tramadol
  • Theophylline
  • Quinolones
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15
Q

Phenytoin + Anti Folates Interaction

A

Anti Folates (methotrexate, trimethoprim)

Phenytoin causes folate deficiency

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16
Q

Carbamazepine + Hyponatraemic Drugs Interaction

A

They interact as Carbamazepine causes hyponatraemia

17
Q

What is the Therapeutic Range of Carbamazepine

A

4 to 12 mg/L

18
Q

What is the Therapeutic Range of Phenytoin

A

10 to 20mg/L
(same as theophylline)

19
Q

What are the signs of Carbamazepine toxicity

A

HAND BAG

H hyponatraemia
A ataxia
N nystagmus
D drowsiness

B blurred vision
A arrhythmias
G gi disturbances

20
Q

What are the signs of Phenytoin toxicity

A

SNACHED

S slurred speech
N nystagmus
A ataxia
C confusion
H hyperglycaemia
D double vision

21
Q

What are the side effects of Carbamazaepine, Phenytoin, Sodium Valproate

A
  • Depression/suicide
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Blood Dyscrasia
  • Vitamin D deficiency
22
Q

Carbamazepine specific Side effects

A
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Oedema
23
Q

Phenytoin specific Side effects

A
  • Coarsening appearance
  • Facial hair
24
Q

Sodium Valproate specific Side effects

A
  • Pancreatitis
  • Teratogenic
25
Q

What is the main side effects of Lamotirgine

A

Skin Rash ==> Stevens Johnsons Syndrome

26
Q

What is the main Vigabatrin Side effect

A

Encephalopathy

27
Q

Which anti-epilpetics cause Respiratory Depression

A
  • Pregabalin
  • Gabapentin
28
Q

Which Anti-epileptic medications cause Blood Dyscrasias

A

C.VET.PLZ

C carbamazepine
V valproate
E ethosuximide
T topiramate
P phenytoin
L lamotrigine
Z zonisamide

Central Nervous System (14 decks)

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