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VET 2050 FA 23 > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the behavioral signs of pain in the dog, regarding posture?

A

Tail between legs, hunched back, twisted body to protect painful area, drooped head, prolonged sitting, tucked abdomen, lying flat and extended

ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg. 903

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2
Q

What are the 3 phases of nociception (perception of pain)?

A

Transduction, transmission, modulation

ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg. 906

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3
Q

In small animals, what is a good option for analgesia for mild pain?

A

Butorphanol

ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg. 912

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4
Q

True or False : Horses receive better analgesic treatment than other large animals?

A

True : they are more likely to be treated as companion animals (like dogs and cats), they are performance animals, they can become violent with acute pain, they do not have economic value so owners are more likely to spend money on care

ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg. 921

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5
Q

In ruminants, what are the withdrawal times for the use of flunixin meglumine?

A

72 hours in milk, 10 days for meat in cattle, 12 days for meat in swine

ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg. 922

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6
Q

What are some of the behavioral signs of pain in the cat, regarding posture?

A

Tucked limbs, arched or hunched head and neck or back, tucked abdomen, laying flat, slumped body and drooped head.
LB Student #2 McCurnin 9th Edition pg. 983

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7
Q

What does acute and chronic pain described as:

A

Acute pain: Shart stabbing sensation
Chronic pain: dull, persistent throbbing
LB Student #2 McCurnin 9th Edition pg. 987

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8
Q

Patients taking NSAIDs for analgesic what should you watch for?

A

GI disturbances, GI bleeding, renal disturbances
LB Student #2 McCurnin 9th Edition pg. 989

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9
Q

What are the different local and regional anesthetic routes of administration and what are they used for:

A

Topical analgesia: Can be applied to the skin or mucosa to reduce pain associated with minor procedures.
Local infiltration: Injection of lidocaine or bupivacaine into a local tissue to reduce pain associated with various painful procedures.
Circumferential ring block: This block is used for dewclaw removal it involves a SQ injection.
Dental nerve block: Blocking the infraorbital and mandibular foramen used to block for extractions.
Intra-Articular anesthesia: Effective analgesia in preoperative and postoperative orthopedic cases. It is a local anesthetic injected right into the joint space.
Pleural space: Interpleural bupivacaine infusion following thoracotomy surgery.
Epidural nerve block: Injection of opioids and/or local anesthetics directly into the epidural space, used for analgesia for the caudal half of the body.
Intravenous analgesia: A CRI of lidocaine for an effective pain management for variety of pain states.
LB Student #2 McCurnin 9th Edition pg. 991- 992

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10
Q

What medication are used for a CRI for analgesia

A

Morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine.
LB Student #2 McCurnin 9th Edition pg. 996

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11
Q

When a patient is having cluster seizures, what medication is typically administered IV in hospital to stop seizure activity?

A

Diazepam

BH Student #5 McCurnin 9th Ed. pg 972

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12
Q

What disease processes would you reach for Antihypertensive drugs?

A

Heart failure, and other conditions associated with hypertension, including kidney disease, DM, and hyperthyroidism.

BH Student #5 McCurnin 9th Ed. pg. 969

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13
Q

True or False: Insulin therapy needs to be individualized for each patient because of significant species and individual variations in the action profile.

A

True

BH Student #5 McCurnin 9th Ed. pg 967

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14
Q

What type of drugs are used to eliminate edema in cases in CHF?

A

Diuretics

BH Student #5 McCurnin 9th Ed. pg 967

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15
Q

What does the term Pharmacokinetics mean?

A

It is the study of the movement of drugs in the body (i.e absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion).

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16
Q

What is allodynia?

A

When the body interprets normally harmless stimulus as pain.

MS Student #10 McCurnin 10th Ed. pg 906

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17
Q

What is the typical dosage for Hydromorphone in small animals?

A

Dogs: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg SQ/IM, 0.03-0.1 mg/kg IV
Cats: 0.05-0.1 mg/kg SQ/IM, 0.01 - 0.025 mg/kg IV

MS Student #10 McCurnin 10th Ed. pg 912

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18
Q

What are the indications for Gabapentin as a neuropathic pain reliever?

A

Chronic degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis and cancer
dermatologic conditions such as chronic skin or ear infection
persistent biting, chewing, and licking of body areas
Resistance to being touched at unaffected body sites
limping or obvious signs of pain not associated with current inflammation

MS Student #10 McCurnin 10th Ed. pg 914

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19
Q

What behaviors may a animal with dysphoria exhibit?

A

Vocalization, thrashing, rolling, self-mutilation, and tachypnea.

MS Student #10 McCurnin 10th Ed. pg 904

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20
Q

What effects does pain have on the body?

A

Increased cortisol levels that interfere with wound healing and the immune system, increased catabolism and metabolic rate, anorexia, ileus, atelectasis, and increased heart rate.

MS Student #10 McCurnin 10th Ed. pg 905

21
Q

When conventional therapies do not relieve pain, particularly suspected nerve pain, what analgesic should you choose?

A

Gabapentin reduces neuropathic pain and central desensitization.

Student #4, EH, McCurnin 9th ed. pg 996

22
Q

Are alpha 2 agonists long, medium, or short duration analgesics?

A

Alpha 2 agonists are short duration analgesics and are good for procedures needing short term restraint and analgesia.

Student #4, EH, McCurnin 9th ed. pg 994

23
Q

What effects do alpha 2 agonists have on the body?

A

Profound cardiovascular depression including bradycardia, vasoconstriction and nervous system effects including vomiting.

Student #4, EH, McCurnin 9th ed. pg 994

24
Q

What is the counter argument for not using analgesic drugs in farm animals, particularly herd animals?

A

Stress from pain causes animals to decrease food intake, can cause lameness, reluctance to move, and delayed healing which leads to increased production costs from decreased milk production, weight loss, among other effects.

Student #4, EH, McCurnin 9th ed. pg 998-999

25
Q

Short to long duration of action, what are 3 local anesthetics used in large animals?

A

Lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine.

Student #4, EH, McCurnin 9th ed. pg 1003

26
Q

What are some signs of pain in horses?

A

Rolling, lameness, pawing. looking at stomach, sweating, and reluctancy to be saddled.
Student #3 HG McCurning pg 917

27
Q

Match the pain management:
1. Banamine
2. Phenylbutazone

A. Lameness pain
B. Colic pain

A

1- B
2- A

Student #3 HG McCurnin pg 917

28
Q

What are some cattle specific pain indicators?

A

Standing with a tucked abdomen and vocalizing.
Student 3# HG McCurnin pg 917

29
Q

What is the most common large animal NSAID used for inflammation?

A

Phenyllbutazone.
Student#3 HG McCurnin pg 917

30
Q

What two injectables are ruminants sensitive too?

A

Xylazine and Lidocaine.
Student#3 HG McCurnin pg 920

31
Q

What is the difference between pain and nociception?

A

Pain requires the perception of painfulness, whereas nociception can occur while an animal is unconscious.

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 906

32
Q

What drug, when given as a CRI, can help to bind to NDMA receptors and prevent wind-up pain?

A

Ketamine

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 914

33
Q

What is one reason pet animals may not readily show signs that they are painful?

A

Domesticated animals still have an instinct to hide signs of pain in order to avoid appearing as prey.

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 903

34
Q

What would be clinical signs that a horse or ruminant has developed a GI ulcer as a side effect of NSAID use?

A

Stopping eating, lethargy, standing with a hunched posture, stretching into abnormal postures.

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 917

35
Q

What is the fourth phase of the pain pathway?

A

Perception

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 906

36
Q

True or false Gabapentin can be stopped abruptly

A

False- patients should be weaned off
Student #7 MM McCurnin 10th ed pg #2382

37
Q

A drug that causes partial stimulation of receptor sites

A

Partial agonist

Student #7 LM McCurnin 10th ed cht 29

38
Q

analgesics of choice for treatment of osteoarthritis are

A

NSAIDs

Student #7 LM McCurnin 10th ed cht 29

39
Q

This class of analgesics works by inhibiting release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

A

alpha 2 agonists

Student #7 LM McCurnin 10th ed cht 29

40
Q

Which class(es) of drugs inhibit transmission of pain?

A

Local anesthetics, alpha-2 agonists

CP Student #9 McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg. 987

41
Q

Cats can be given NSAIDs when indicated but should never be given

A

acetaminophen

Student #7 LM McCurnin 10th ed cht 29

42
Q

Vomiting is a common side effect of morphine, occurring more frequently when

A

the drug is administered as a premedication.

Student #7 LM McCurnin 10th ed cht 29

43
Q

True/False: If a drug name ends in “-caine” it blocks a nerve

A

True

CP Student #9 McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg. 991

44
Q

What can be added to local blocking agents to reduce stinging sensation?

A

Sodium bicarbonate (0.1 mL per 10 mL blocking agent)

CP Student #9 McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg. 992

45
Q

What are some examples of nonpharmacologic treatment options?

A

Laser therapy, acupuncture, massage, thermotherapy, electrical stimulation, and aquatic therapy

CP Student #9 McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg. 996

46
Q

What does the wind-up phenomenon highlight?

A

It highlights the importance of effective analgesia to treat pain before it begins.
Student #7 MM McCurnin 10th ed pg #2363

47
Q

What are approved NSAIDs for cats?

A

Metacam (meloxicam) and Onsior (robenicoxib)
Student #7 MM McCurnin 10th ed pg #2369

48
Q
A
49
Q

What signs of neuropathic pain?

A

Persistent stabbing aching burning itching or tingling sensation
Student #7 MM McCurnin 10th ed pg #2363

VET 2050 FA 23 (10 decks)

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