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VET 2050 FA 23 > Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What are the positive and negative charged components of the x-ray tubes?

A

Negative charged cathode and positive charge anode.
LB. Student #2 McCurnin 9th ed. pg 480

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2
Q

Film Fogging means?

A

The result is reduced subject contract or an overall grayish appearance of the image.
LB. Student #2 McCurnin 9th ed. pg 483

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3
Q

What are the correct ultrasound terminology for the capital works:
A structure that is BRIGHT produces echoes.
A structure that is DARK produces few to no echoes.
A structure that is BRIGHTER THAN if it produces more echoes than adjacent structures.
A structure that is DARKER THAN if it produces fewer echoes than surrounding structures.

A

BRIGHT - echogenic
DARK - hyperechoic
BRIGHTER THAN - hypoechoic
DARKER THAN - isoechoic
LB. Student #2 McCurnin 9th ed. pg 512

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4
Q

Pick one that is the correct PPE when taking radiographs
A: Dosimetry badge, thyroid shield and lead gloves
B: Thyroid shield, lead gown, and lead gloves
C: Lead gown, dosimetry badge, thyroid shield, and lead gloves
D: Lead gown, dosimetry badge and thyroid shield

A

C
LB. Student #2 McCurnin 9th ed. pg 502

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5
Q

True or false
When you are taking a radiograph it is okay to have your hand in the image as long it is to position the patient correctly for the desired image.

A

False
LB. Student #2 McCurnin 9th ed. pg 505

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6
Q

Which of the following is not a component of the X-ray tube?
a) Glass envelope
b) Cathode
c) Anode
d) Tube housing
e) All are involved

A

E: all are involved
ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg. 444

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7
Q

What is the heel effect?

A

The x-ray beam is more intense at the side of the cathode than at the center of the beam or the anode
ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg. 446

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8
Q

T or F : Dosimetry is the measurement of personal radiation exposure.

A

True
ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg.463

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9
Q

What are the common abdominal views?

A

VD and R Lat
ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg.467

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10
Q

What are the common equine radiographs of the distal limb?

A

Dorsopalmar/plantar and lateromedial
ML, Student #6, McCurnin 10th Edition pg.469

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11
Q

What calculation is used to estimate the amount of kVp needed?

A

(2 x thickness of tissue in cm) + distance = kVp

Student #11 SF
McCurnin’s 9th ed.
pg 486

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12
Q

What does ALARA stand for? What does it mean?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable- keep exposure to radiation as low as possible

Student #11 SF
McCurnin’s 9th ed.
pg 503

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13
Q

What are the 3 aspects of radiation safety?

A

Time, distance, and shielding

Student #11 SF
McCurnin’s 9th ed
pg 504

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14
Q

What type of contrast medium is typically used for an esophagography study?

A

Barium sulfate 100% liquid

Student #11 SF
McCurnin’s 9th ed
pg 509

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15
Q

What is the primary use of M-mode ultrasonography?

A

Echocardiography

Student #11 SF
McCurnin’s 9th ed
pg 511

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16
Q

Your veterinarian suspects one of your patients has neuropathy somewhere in the dog’s spinal cord, and would like to do some imaging. Would a CT scan or MRI be better for this patient?

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a better imaging choice for the spinal cord.

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 476

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17
Q

What can cause a ghost image?

A

Taking a second image too quickly after another one, double exposure, or failure to erase a plate before taking a new image.

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 457

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18
Q

If you take an image, and the image has too little contrast (i.e., too many gray areas), what adjustment to the settings would be most likely to improve the image?

A

Lowering the kVp, which would add more contrast to the next image.

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 458

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19
Q

What are ways to limit exposure to scatter radiation?

A

Wearing appropriate PPE and collimating to the smallest field necessary to take the image.

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 462

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20
Q

What are the cranial and caudal landmarks for lateral views of a thorax?

A

The thoracic inlet to the 13th rib.

Student #1 MA McCurnin Tenth Edition pg. 467

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21
Q

How should a patient be positioned for a thoracic radiograph?

A

Forelimbs should be extended cranially and hindlimbs caudally. The spine and sternum should be superimposed in a VD or DV view and should be parallel to the table in a lateral view.

Student #10 MS, McCurnin 10th edition pg. 467

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22
Q

Should abdominal radiographs be taken during inspiration or expiration?

A

Expiration

Student #10 MS, McCurnin 10th edition pg. 467

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23
Q

Should thoracic radiographs be taken during inspiration or expiration?

A

Full inspiration

Student #10 MS, McCurnin 10th edition pg. 467

24
Q

Which ultrasound artifact occurs when the beam hits gas or air and is reflected back to the transducer, causing the beam to bounce repeatedly between the patient and transducer resulting in a set of bright parallel lines?

a) Reverberation
b) Shadowing
c) Acoustic Enhancement
d) Refraction/Edge Artifact
e) Mirror-Image

A

a

Student #10 MS, McCurnin 10th edition pg. 474

25
Q

Which ultrasound artifact occurs when the beam passes through a structure with low attenuation and is slowed down, causing increased echogenicity?

a) Reverberation
b) Shadowing
c) Acoustic Enhancement
d) Refraction/Edge Artifact
e) Mirror-Image

A

c

Student #10 MS, McCurnin 10th edition pg. 474

26
Q

What term is used when an image appears longer than normal size?

A

Elongation

Student #5 BH, McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg. 498

27
Q

All of these are examples of what radiographic artifact?
Gridlines, Grid out of focal range, Primary beam not centered, grid upside down and grid damage causing distorted gridlines

A

Linear Artifacts

Student #5 BH, McCurnin 9th Ed. pg. 499

28
Q

Why are dosimetry badges stored outside of the radiology area?

A

If they are stored within the radiology area they can still detect exposure and the dosimetry badges are used to detect exposure of a particular person that it is assigned to.

Student #5 BH, McCurnin 9th Ed. pg 502

29
Q

What is the device called that is used to measure the thickness of an anatomic area in the direction that the beam passes through the patient?

A

Caliper

Student #5 BH, McCurnin 9th ed. Pg 486

30
Q

What is a technique chart?

A

It provides suggested exposure factors to use based on the anatomic part being radiographed, the thickness of the tissue and the position of the patient.

Student #5 BH, McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg 489

31
Q

T or F : The higher the milliamperage (mA) the better the x-ray image.

A

False. The mA must not be too high that it could overheat the filament.

Student #4 EH, McCurnin 9th Ed. pg 481.

32
Q

What are the correct factors that increase scatter radiation?
a) Increased kVp, decreased body part thickness, decreased x-ray field.
b) Increased kVp, increased body part thickness, decreased x-ray field.
c) Decreased kVp, increased body part thickness, decreased x-ray field.
d) Increased kVp, increased body part thickness, increased x-ray field.

A

d) Increased kVp, increased body part thickness, increased x-ray field.

Student #4, EH, McCurnin’s 9th ed., pg 483.

33
Q

The common selector control for mA and time (seconds) of exposure effects:
a) radiographic density
b) degree of blackness
c) A & B

A

c) A & B.

Student #4, EH, McCurnin 9th ed., pg. 485.

34
Q

Which will produce a sharper thoracic x-ray?
a) 100 mA and 1/10 sec.
b) 200 mA and 1/20 sec.
c) A & B produce the same quality image.

A

b) the 200 mA and 1/20 sec. setting will produce clearer thoracic radiographs because the shorter exposure time will reduce motion artifacts that can blur the x-ray image.

Student #4, EH, McCurnin 9th ed., pg. 486

35
Q

What percentage of the ultrasound beam is reflected when it intersects air?

A

100%. This is why close hair clipping and removing dirt and scales is essential. Also, a liberal amount of ultrasound gel displaces air.

Student #4, EH, McCurnin 9th ed., pg 511.

36
Q

What digital artifacts are seen with overexposure? Underexposure?

A

Overexposure produces a disappearance of thin and soft tissue surrounding the bone. Underexposure produces a grainy appearance.

CP Student #9 McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg. 492

37
Q

What is the maximum permissible dose (MPD) for occupational personnel?

A

0.05 Sv or 5 rem per year

CP Student #9 McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg. 502

38
Q

Unexposed X-ray film should be stored in a _______ position to prevent pieces from sticking together and pressure artifacts

A

Vertical

CP Student #9 McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg.495

39
Q

What is focal-film distance (FFD)?

A

The distance between the target in the x-ray tube and the surface of the x-ray detector

CP Student #9 McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg. 487

40
Q

What is the formula to calculate new mAs if the FFD is changed?

A

(Old mAs x new distance^2) / old distance^2 = new mAs

CP Student #9 McCurnin 9th Ed. Pg. 487

41
Q

What factor does not increase scatter radiation?

A

mAs does not change the amount of scatter radiation produced
LM Student #7 McCurnin 10th edi cht 15

42
Q

Dynamic range refers to which image characteristics?

A

The number of shades of grey that can be presented
LM Student #7 McCurnin 10th edi cht 15

43
Q

The benefit of Doppler ultrasound is that it can visualize and measure

A

body cavities
LM Student #7 McCurnin 10th edi cht 15

44
Q

Which alternative imaging technique produces an image by using a thin x-ray beam to measure x-ray attenuation?

A

CT - computed tomography
LM Student #7 McCurnin 10th edi cht 15

45
Q

The most appropriate transducer frequency for an ultrasound exam on a cat is

A

7.5 MHz
LM Student #7 McCurnin 10th edi cht 15

46
Q

What type of medicine is popular for using Portable radiography units, and what is the popular area of interest?

A

Equine medicine, Extremities like limbs and hooves

HG Student #3 McCurnin pg 447

47
Q

What does the term foreshortening refer to?

A

Foreshortening is when one portion of the patient is lifted off the image receptor, while another part is in contact with the image receptor. This causing the image to appear shorter than actual size.

HG Student #3 McCurnin pg 460

48
Q

T or F: Radiographs are part of the legal medical record?

A

True

HG Student #3 McCurnin pg 461

49
Q

What is the minimum thickness a lead apron must be?

A

2.5mm

HG Student #3 McCurnin pg 464

50
Q

What does latitude refer to?

A

Latitude refers to the range of different density on the radiograph
ie. if a radiograph shows multiple shades of grey is a long latitude
MM Student #8 McCurnin pg.1173

51
Q

What are examples positive contrast?

A

Barium sulfate and Organic iodide
MM Student #8 McCurnin pg.11

52
Q

How is M-mode produce during a ultrasound?

A

M-mode or motion mode is made by passing a narrow sound beam across a body part.
MM Student #8 McCurnin pg.1210

53
Q

What is dose creep?

A

It is Incremental increased in the technique made to reduce the amount of noise affecting the quality of the image

MM Student #8 McCurnin pg.1190

54
Q

What are the 2 major concerns when being exposure to radiation?

A

Stochastic effect and genetic effects
MM Student #8 McCurnin pg.1185

55
Q
A

VET 2050 FA 23 (10 decks)

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