Pages 45-46 of USA A5 booklet (Racial Tension and developments in the Civil Rights Campaign)

Question 1

Which laws segregated the use of everyday facilities such as parks, buses and schools?

Answer 1

Jim Crow Laws

Question 2

When were black Americans given the right to vote, what amendment did this come under?

Answer 2

Black Americans were given the right to vote in 1870, stated in the 15th Amendment.

Question 3

Why didn’t black people register to vote even thought they had the right to?

Answer 3

Many states, particularly in the south, used various techniques to stop them from voting. For example, in Mississippi, black Americans who tried to register to vote were intimidated or even lynched.

Question 4

What % of black Americans registered to vote in Mississippi?

Answer 4

Only 5% registered to vote.

Question 5

What did the police do in terms of fights involving black Americans?

Answer 5

The police failed to stop attacks on black Americans and, in some cases even took part in attacks.

Question 6

What did white juries do in court?

Answer 6

White juries in court almost always acquitted white Americans accused of killing a black American.

Question 7

Where did black Americans face discrimination?

Answer 7

In employment and in education.

Question 8

In some southern states, how much more did white teachers earn compared to blacks?

Answer 8

In some southern states, white teachers earned 30% more than black teachers.

Question 9

Who was committed to a mental asylum, why?

Answer 9

Clemson King was committed to a mental asylum in 1958 after applying to one of the best universities in the USA in Mississippi, which were closed to black Americans.

Question 10

Whilst some white Americans believed in equal rights, what was the problem with this?

Answer 10

A lot needed to be done to achieve this and some whites were scared of losing their privileges over black Americans.

Question 11

Why did the NAACP take the Board of Education to court?

Answer 11

A girl called Linda Brown wasn’t allowed to attend her white-only school which was nearby. So the NAACP took the Board of Education to court.

Question 12

Where and when did the NAACP take the Board of Education to court?

Answer 12

The NAACP took the Board of Education to court in Topeka, Kansas in 1954.

Question 13

How did the NAACP treat the Brown vs Board of Education case in 1954?

Answer 13

The NAACP treated it as a test case. They wanted to see if the Supreme Court would rule against segregation.

Question 14

Who ordered all Southern states schools to open all people?

Answer 14

In May 1954, Chief Justice Earl Warren ruled that segregated education was not equal and he ordered all Southern states to open integrated schools “with all deliberate speed.”

Question 15

What was Montgomery’s law for black people on buses?

Answer 15

Montgomery had a law that black people were only allowed in the middle and back of buses and they had to give them up for white people.

Question 16

Who was Rosa Parks?

Answer 16

Rosa Parks was a black campaigner and decided to take a stand against the segregated buses. She was arrested and convicted.

Question 17

What did black people in Montgomery do to the bus services?

Answer 17

People in Montgomery formed the Montgomery improvement Association (MIA) and decided to boycott the buses.

Question 18

What happened on the first day of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 18

On the first day of the boycott the buses were empty and 15,000 people turned out to listen to the newly elected president of the MIA, Martin Luther King.

Question 19

What happened to the bus company in result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 19

The bus company lost 65% of its income as black people car pooled or walked.

Question 20

What was the result of Rosa Park’s case?

Answer 20

Rosa Park’s case went to court and it was decided that all segregation on public transport was illegal.

Question 21

What events happened during the boycott?

Answer 21

During the boycott King was arrested twice, churches and homes set on fire and snipers shot at integrated buses.

Question 22

Which state was slow to introduce integration?

Answer 22

Arkansas.

Question 23

What happened ihttps://www.brainscape.com/packsn 1957 in Arkansas?

Answer 23

Arkansas was slow to have integration and in 1957 the Supreme Court ordered the governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus to let 9 black children go to a white high school.

Question 24

Why did Faubus stop the 9 black children from going to a white high school?

Answer 24

Faubus used state troopers to stop the black children as he couldn’t guarantee their safety.

Question 25

Why did Faubus back down?

Answer 25

Faubus only backed down when President Eisenhower sent troops to protect the children. These troops stayed for 6 weeks.

Question 26

Who started a campaign to end segregation in restaurants?

Answer 26

The SNCC started a campaign to end segregation in restaurants as Woolworths had seats for whites but made blacks stand

Question 27

What does SNCC stand for?

Answer 27

The Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee.

Question 28

What many students refused to leave the white seats only at Woolworths?

Answer 28

4 students refused to leave their white only seats in Woolworths.

Question 29

Who joined the SNCC?

Answer 29

Both black and white students joined the SNCC.

Question 30

Within a week of the SNCC, how many students were organising sit-ins at lunchtime?

Answer 30

Within a week, 400 students were organising sit-ins at lunch times.

Question 31

By the end of 1960, how many cities had desegregated lunch counters due to the SNCC?

Answer 31

By the end of 1960 lunch counters had become integrated in 126 cities.

Question 32

Where did 500 students organise sit-ins in February 1960?

Answer 32

In February 1960, in Nashville, Tennessee, 500 students organised sit-ins.

Question 33

What was the result of the Greensboro sit-ins in Nashville in February 1960?

Answer 33

The 500 students who organised sit-ins were expelled but then reinstated when 400 teachers threatened to resign.

Question 34

What did the result of the Greensboro sit-ins lead to?

Answer 34

The students were attacked but eventually mayor Ben West desegregated the town.

Question 35

What were the Freedom Rides of 1961?

Answer 35

Members of CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) decided to ride on buses in the city of Birmingham Alabama because the city was ignoring the integration law on buses.

Question 36

What did members of CORE face on their Freedom Rides in Birmingham Alabama?

Answer 36

They faced violence.

Question 37

Who gave CORE support during the Freedom Rides?

Answer 37

SNCC.

Question 38

What happened to the protesters on the Freedom Rides in 1961?

Answer 38

A total of 200 protesters were arrested and spent 40 days in prison.

Question 39

Why did the Governor of Alabama start following the law of integrated buses?

Answer 39

Although the Governor of Alabama didn’t follow the law of integrated buses, even after the Freedom Rides, he started when he was put under pressure to by President JFK.

Question 40

What became a priority for blacks?

Answer 40

The right for blacks to vote fairly became a priority and campaigners fought for a civil rights bill.

Question 41

When did MLK organise people to march on Washington?

Answer 41

August 1963.

Question 42

How many people marched on Washington?

Answer 42

In August 1963, MLK organised 200,000 black people and 50,000 whites to march on Washington.

Question 43

Why did MLK organise a march on Washington?

Answer 43

To pressure JFK to pass a civil rights bill.

Question 44

What did MLK do as part of the protest march on Washington?

Answer 44

MLK gave his “I have a dream” speech.