page 26 of USA A5 booklet (Hoover's measures to deal with the depression.)

Question 1

What did Hoover believe in?

Answer 1

Rugged Individualism

Question 2

What is Rugged Individualism?

Answer 2

The idea that every man should fend for himself.

Question 3

What was Hoover known as?

Answer 3

“The do nothing president”. Because he believed that government hand-outs to the poor and unemployed could make them lazy.

Question 4

What happened in June 1932 which damaged Hover’s reputation?

Answer 4

In June 1932 with the Bonus March.

Question 5

What was the Bonus March?

Answer 5

Thousands of servicemen who had fought in the First World War marched on Washington asking for their war bonuses (a kind of pension) to be paid early. The marchers camped peacefully outside the White House and sang patriotic songs.

Question 6

What was Hoover’s response to the Bonus March?

Answer 6

Hoover refused to meet with the protesters. He ordered General Douglas MacArthur to handle the situation. MacArthur convinced himself (with very little evidence) that they were communist agitators. He ignored Hoover’s instructions to treat the marchers with respect. Troops and police used tear gas and burned the marchers’ camps.

Question 7

What did Hoover do after the Bonus March?

Answer 7

Hoover would not admit that he had failed to control MacArthur. He publicly thanked God that the USA still knew how to deal with a mob.

Question 8

What did Hoover set up in 1929?

Answer 8

Hoover set up the Mexican Repatriation Programme.

Question 9

What was the Mexican Repatriation Programme of 1929?

Answer 9

It resulted in the forced migration of over 500 000 Mexicans and Mexican Americans to Mexico.

Question 10

What was the problem with the Mexican Repatriation Programme?

Answer 10

Over 60% of those driven out were US citizens.

Question 11

What did Hoover impose in 1930?

Answer 11

He imposed the Smoot Hawley Tariff.

Question 12

What was the aim of the Smoot Hawley Tarriff?

Answer 12

he aim was to:

• encourage the purchase of American made goods.
• raise federal revenue
• protect farmers.

Question 13

What was the problem with the Smoot Hawley Tarriff of 1930?

Answer 13

t resulted in a general global trade war and a rapid decline in international trade.

Question 14

How much did international trade fall by due to the Smoot Hawley Tarriff?

Answer 14

International trade declined 20% of its earlier levels in just a couple of years.

Question 15

What was the chant about Hoover from farmers in Iowa?

Answer 15

“In Hoover we trusted and now we are busted.”

Question 16

What was Hoovers main aim?

Answer 16

To restore confidence in the economy.

Question 17

What did Hoover set up in 1929 which helped farmers?

Answer 17

The Agricultural Marketing Act in 1929 authorised loans to farmers and businessmen to help them from going bankrupt. But the loans were expected to be payed back.

Question 18

What did Hoover do to try and stimulate spending ?

Answer 18

He cut taxes

Question 19

What was set up in 1930 which helped the unemployed?

Answer 19

The Committee for Unemployment Relief.

Question 20

What was set up in 1932 which set aside money for the unemployed?

Answer 20

In 1932, he passed the Emergency Relief Act which set aside $300 million to provide unemployment pay

Question 21

What was the NCC?

Answer 21

The National Credit Corporation (NCC) recieved much support from Hoover as it was a voluntary association of major private banks that loaned to smaller banks on the verge of collapse.

Question 22

What act made it easier for banks to borrow money from the federal reserve?

Answer 22

The Glass-Steagall Act helped banks by making it easier for them to borrow from federal reserves.

Question 23

How much money did Hoover give to the state governments? Why?

Answer 23

Hoover gave the state government $4 billion to set up schemes to provide work (e.g. the Hoover dam)

Question 24

What did the Davis-Bacon act do?

Answer 24

The Davis-Bacon act encouraged firms to maintain high wages by requiring union supported wages on Federal construction contracts.

Question 25

Which act was set up to protect trade unions?

Answer 25

The Norris-La Guardia Act protected trade unions.

Question 26

What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation?

Answer 26

A government agency established and chartered by the US Congress in 1932. The agency provided $2 billion in aid to state and local governments and loans to banks and other business and financial institutions.