pages 29-31 of USA A5 booklet (100 days and first and second New Deal) Flashcards
1
Q
When did FDR beat Hoover in the Presidential election?
A
November 1932
2
Q
By how much did FDR win the election of Hoover?
A
Landslide victory of over 7 million votes.
3
Q
When was FDR inaugurated as president?
A
March 1933
4
Q
What were the 4 main aims of the New Deal?
A
- To get Americans back to work.
- Protect American savings and property.
- Provide help for the sick, old and unemployed.
- Get US industry and agriculture up and running again.
5
Q
What was the “100 days”?
A
The first 100 days of FDR’s presidency where he worked around the clock with advisors to produce change.
6
Q
What did FDR’s advisors become known as?
A
“Brains Trust”
7
Q
How many proposals did FDR send to congress in his first 100 days and how many were passed?
A
In the “100 days” FDR sent 15 proposals to congress and all 15 were passed.
8
Q
What did FDR do on every Sunday?
A
He took time to explain to the American people what he was doing every Sunday on the radio.
9
Q
What was it called when FDR went on the radio?
A
He went on the radio to give his “Fireside Chats”
10
Q
How many people listened to FDR’s Fireside Chats?
A
60 million
11
Q
What does the NIRA stand for (1st New Deal)?
A
National Industrial Recovery Act
12
Q
What did the NIRA do?
A
Set up 2 organisations the CWA and PWA and aimed to make industry strong again.
13
Q
How many workers did the CWA have?
A
4 million.
14
Q
What was the opposition to the NIRA?
A
Higher wages meant prices increased too so some stopped buying.
15
Q
In what year did the PWA replace the CWA?
A
The PWA replaced the CWA in 1935.
16
Q
What does the AAA stand for (1st New Deal)?
A
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
17
Q
What 4 things did the AAA do to help farmers?
A
- Set quotas on agricultural produce to help reduce produce and raise the prices.
- Modern techniques were taught to farmers.
- Soil preservation was taught to stop erosion.
- Some farmers were also helped with mortgages.
18
Q
What was the opposition to the AAA?
A
- Modernisation put some farm labourers out of work.
- Quotas and modernisation were contradictory.
- Farmers killed animals and destroyed crops as they were told even though some Americans were starving.
19
Q
What does the NRA stand for (1st New Deal)?
A
National Recovery Administration
20
Q
When was the first New Deal?
A
1933
21
Q
When was the second New Deal?
A
1935
22
Q
What 2 things did the NRA improve?
A
- Working conditions
- Fixed wages and sensible production levels to stop overproduction.
23
Q
What did the NRA outlaw?
A
Child labour
24
Q
How many employers joined the NRA and what award did it achieve for this?
A
Over 2 million employers joined the scheme and were awarded the Blue Eagle Badge.
25
What was the opposition to the NRA?
Was seen as interfering too much in American life. Many people thought the NRA was against the law as the government was behaving like dictators. Declared unconstitutional.
26
Why did FDR scrap prohibition?
FDR realised that a lot of money could be raised through making alcohol legal again by taxing the makers and distributors of alcohol.
27
What is the opposition of FDR scrapping prohibition?
It was unpopular with many rural communities and religious people.
28
What does the PWA stand for (1st New Deal)?
Public Works Administration
29
What did the PWA do?
Used government money to build schools, dams, bridges and airports. E.G. The Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River. This created millions of jobs.
30
How much money was spent by the PWA?
Over $3 billion was spent.
31
What was the opposition to the PWA?
- Very costly for tax payers
| Republicans thought it was too much help and anti rugged individualism.
32
What does the EBA stand for (1st New Deal)?
Emergency Banking Act.
33
What did the EBA do?
Closed down all banks until they had been checked by a government official.
34
How many trustworthy banks were allowed to reopen after being closed by the EBA?
5000 trustworthy banks allowed to reopen.
35
What regulations were imposed on banks by the EBA?
Regulations were imposed to stop reckless speculation.
36
What organisation within the EBA insured deposits of up to $5000.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
37
What were the 2 drawbacks of the EBA?
- Some small banks were not allowed to reopen which was seen as too much government interference.
- The FDIC didn't help wealthy people as deposit insurance was low.
38
What does TVA stand for?
Tennessee Valley Authority
39
Why was the TVA put in place?
To stop flooding in the winter and drought in the summer.
40
What did the TVA do(1st New Deal ?
Built a series of dams on the Tennessee River to irrigate the land, control water flow and provide jobs building.
41
What were the dams used for?
Used for hydro electricity.
42
Name a dam that the TVA built?
Fontana Dam
43
Who was the TVA unpopular with?
The TVA was unpopular with small electricity companies as the TVA was so big and powerful that they could not compete so were put out of business.
44
What does the CCC stand for (1st New Deal)?
Civilian Conservation Corps
45
Who was the CCC aimed at?
Aimed at young, unmarried men between 18 and 25.
46
How long did works of the CCC sign up for each time?
6 months
47
What did the CCC do?
Mostly environmental projects in National Parks e.g. planting trees and maintaining beaches.
48
How much did workers of the CCC get paid?
Earned $30 per month and many sent $25 back to their families
49
How many people benefited from the CCC?
2.5 million people.
50
What were the 3 drawbacks to the CCC?
- Very costly for tax payers.
- Republicans thought it was too much help and anti rugged individualism.
- Most money sent back home was not spent due to lack of confidence.
51
What does HOLC stand for (1st New Deal)?
Home Owners Loan Corporation
52
Why was HOLC set up?
To help home owners pay mortgages.
53
Between 1933 and 1936 what % of homeowners were saved by HOLC?
Between 1933 and 1936 it saved 20% of US home owners.
54
What was the opposition to HOLC?
Very costly for tax payers.
55
What does the EA stand for (1st New Deal)?
Economy Act
56
What did the EA do to save Government money?
It reduced Government expenditure by cutting the pay of Government employees by 15%
57
What was the opposition to the EA?
Upset those who had their wages cut by 15%.
58
What does FERA stand for (1st New Deal)?
Federal Emergency Relief Administraion
59
What did the FERA do?
Give $500 million to individual states to pay for soup kitchens , blankets, employment schemes and nursery schools.
60
Who led the FERA and how much money did they give out within the 1st 2 hours of it being set up?
Led by Harry Hopkins who gave out $5 million within 2 hours of setting up the agency.
61
What were the 2 drawbacks of FERA?
- Very costly for tax payers
| - Republicans thought it was too much help and anti rugged individualism.
62
When was the second New Deal?
1935
63
Why was there a second New Deal?
The 1st New Deal was great for immediate relief and helped to restore faith in the government. But by 1934 it was clear that the progress out of the depression was slow and partial, so FDR decided that he wanted to extend the role of the government over everyday people's life.
64
How were the acts passed in 1935 different to those of the 100 days in 1933?
The 100 days in 1933 had aimed to create immediate relief and recovery and now they wanted to ensure long term relief and change.
65
On what date did FDR meet with senators and advisors and decide to make the USA a fairer place for all Americans.
Tuesday 14th May 1935
66
1 month after meeting with senators and advisors what did FDR present to congress?
The 2nd New Deal.
67
What did the Supreme Court rule about the PWA and AAA?
That they were unconstitutional so replacements were needed.
68
What does the WPA stand for (2nd New Deal)?
Works Progress Administration
69
What was the WPA?
An organisation which brought together all organisations aimed at creating jobs.
70
How amny jobs did the WPA create in 8 years?
8 million jobs in 8 years.
71
What sort of work did the WPA provide?
Mostly building work: building hospitals, schools, roads, airfields, bridges etc, but also non building jobs such as acting, photography and artists.
72
What was the impact of the WPA?
Increased employment but unemployment levels were still high (6 million) by 1941 when the USA entered the war.
73
What does the RA stand for (2nd New Deal)?
Resettlement Administration
74
What did the RA do?
Helped 500,000 families in drought hit areas to resettle on better land
75
What does the FSA stand for (2nd New Deal)?
Farm Security Administration
76
When was the FSA set up and what did it replace?
The FSA was set up in 1937 and replaced the Resettlement Administration.
77
What was the FSA's photographic project?
The FSA's photographic project took over 80,000 photos of farm land and the Federal Arts Project paid artists to paints pictures of their home towns for display.
78
How much did the FSA loan to farmers during the depression?
The FSA loaned over $1 billion to farmers to help them during the depression and set up camps for migrant workers.
79
What was the opposition to the FSA?
Some Republicans saw the jobs as boondoggles and a waste of money.
80
What does the REA stand for (2nd New Deal)?
Rural Electrification Administration
81
What did the REA do?
Gave financial help to private companies to supply electricity to areas not previously supplied.
82
What 4 things did the Social Security Act do?
- Gave financial help to the sick and disabled
- Provided pensions for the elderly and widowed.
- Set up unemployment insurance schemes where workers made weekly contributions and they could receive relief if became unemployed.
- Provided benefits for people involved in industrial accidents and aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind and physically disabled.
83
What were the 2 oppositions to the Social Security Acts?
- Helped many more Americans feel more secure and protected but did not cover farm and domestic workers.
- Continued the divide in the USA between urban and rural areas.
84
What did the National Labour Relations Act replace?
It replaced the NRA (national Recovery Administration)
85
What is the National Labour Relations Act also called?
Wagner Act
86
What did the National Labour Relations Act do?
Stated that all employers must allow unions in their industries (known as the Wagner Act after politician who introduced it). Unions were allowed to negotiate for better pay and conditions and it was made illegal for employers to sack a worker who was a member of a trade union.
87
What did the National Labour Relations Act set up?
Set up the National Labour Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce the laws introduced.
88
What was the Soil Conservation Act?
Replaced banned AAA to introduce soil subsidies.
