Pages 208-212

Question 1

Enzymes that require Selenium as a cofactor

Answer 1

Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase

Question 2

MOA of Interferon alpha and beta?

Answer 2

signal cascade which will degrade viral nuclei, if fails then apoptosis of infected cells to reduce amplification of virus

Question 3

How does Pseudomonas kill its competition?

Answer 3

Pyocyanin —> generates ROS species which kills other bacteria

Question 4

CD markers for T Reg cells

Answer 4

CD4, CD25

Question 5

Which cell marker is receptor for EBV?

Answer 5

CD21 on B cells

Question 6

Marker for hematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 6

CD 34

Question 7

markers for NK cells?

Answer 7

CD16, CD56

Question 8

How do superantigens lead to sepsis?

Answer 8

1) activate by crosslinking B region on TCR to MHCII

2) activtion of CD4 Th cells –> release of cytokines

Question 9

How does endotoxin sepsis differ from toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 9

Endotoxin LPS directly activates macrophages by bonding to CD14. NO Th cell involvement!

Question 10

Which Ab’s are part of passive immunity? mode of transmission?

Answer 10

IgA through breast milk, IgG through placenta

Question 11

What organisms has a passive immunity been developed for?

Answer 11

1) C. tetani (tetanus toxin)
2) C. botulinum (botulinum toxin)
3) Varicella Zoster

preformed Ab’s are only given after exposure to toxin for future infections!!!

Question 12

What organisms has a passive and active immunity been developed for?

Answer 12

Hep B virus, Rabies

Question 13

Vaccination is a type of which immunity? types and their MOA?

Answer 13

Active immunity. 2 types

1) Live attenuated (generates cellular and humoral immunity)
2) Inactivated/killed (generates humoral immunity only)

Question 14

Name live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 14

1) MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
2) Sabin (polio)
3) influenza intranasal
4) Varicella

Question 15

Name inactivated vaccines?

Answer 15

1) Rabies
2) Influenza (injected)
3) Salk (Polio)
4) Hep A

Question 16

Which HS is the fastest and why?

Answer 16

Type I HS b/c histamine is preformed and induced by IgE stimulation of mast cells.

Question 17

Can Type I HS have a delayed response?

Answer 17

Yes due to SRS-A(slow reactive substances of anaphylaxis) formation - later products of AA pathway (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)

Question 18

Which vaccine is associated with a HS and which HS?

Answer 18

Tetanus toxoid leads to arthus Rxn (Type III)

Question 19

Which HS does Guillan Barre syndrome, and MS belong to?

Answer 19

GBS (Type II), MS (Type IV)

Question 20

Which HS does Hashimoto and Graves disease belong to?

Answer 20

Hashimoto’s (Type IV), Graves (Type II)