Microbio Pages 122-124

Question 1

Gram positive rod whose spores survive cooking; cause of “reheated rice syndrome”

Answer 1

Bacillius cereus

Question 2

Toxin from this organism is a protease that cleaves SNARE proteins for neurotransmitters; blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA and glycine) from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

Answer 2

Clostridium tetani

Question 3

Antitoxin +/- vaccine booster, diazepam (for muscle spasms) and wound debridement

Answer 3

Treatment for Clostridium tetani infection

Question 4

Produces a heat-labile toxin that inhibits ACh release at the neuromuscular junction

Answer 4

Clostridium botulinum

Question 5

Cause of floppy baby syndrome (descending flaccid paralysis)

Answer 5

Clostridium botulinum spores from honey

Question 6

Produces the alpha toxin lecithinase (a phospholipase) that can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

Answer 6

Clostridium perfringens

Question 7

Treatment for Clostridium difficile

Answer 7

Metronidazole or oral vancomycin. For recurrent cases, consider repeating prior regimen, fidaxomicin, or fecal microbiota transplant

Question 8

Which organism produces Toxin A (an enterotoxin) and Toxin B (a cytotoxin)?

Answer 8

Clostridium difficile

Question 9

Where does Toxin A of Clostridium difficile act?

Answer 9

The brush border of the gut

Question 10

Which toxin produced by Clostridium difficile acts to disrupt the cytoskeleton via actin depolymerization?

Answer 10

Toxin B

Question 11

Gram positive rod that secretes a potent endotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis vis ADP-ribosylation of EF-2?

Answer 11

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 12

Symptoms of infection with this agent include pseudomembranous pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, and arrythmias..

Answer 12

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 13

Lab diagnosis based on gram positive rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules and a positive Elek test….

Answer 13

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 14

Gram positive facultative intracellular rod acquired by ingestion of unpasturized dairy products and cold deli meats, via transplacental transmission, or vaginal transmission during birth

Answer 14

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 15

Characterized by tumbling motility in broth; forms “rocket tails” via actin polymerization that allow intracellular movement and cell-to cell spread across cell membranes

Answer 15

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 16

Treatment for Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 16

Ampicillin in infants, immunocompromised, and the elderly

Question 17

Can cause amnionitis, septicemia, and spontaneous abortion, in addition to meningitis in immunocompromised patients, (only causes mild self-limiting gastroenteritis in healthy individuals)

Answer 17

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 18

Treatment for Nocardia

Answer 18

Sulfonamides (TMP-SMX)

Question 19

Treatment for Actinomyces

Answer 19

Penicillin

Question 20

Cause of pulmonary infections in immunocompromised that can mimic TB (negative PPD) and cutaneous infections after trauma in immunocompetent

Answer 20

Nocardia

Question 21

Cause of oral/facial abscesses that drain through the sinus tract and forms yellow “sulfur granules”

Answer 21

Actinomyces

Question 22

Presence of caseating granulomas with central necrosis and Langerhans giant cells indicate…

Answer 22

Secondary tuberculosis

Question 23

Agent that should be considered in a patient presenting with fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough (nonproductive or productive) and hemoptysis?

Answer 23

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 24

Suspected agent in a hand infection in an aquarium enthusiast?

Answer 24

Mycobacterium marinum

Question 25

Suspected agent in a child with cervial lymphadenitis?

Answer 25

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Question 26

Cause of disseminated, non-TB disease in AIDS that often has multi-drug resistance?

Answer 26

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

Question 27

Prophylaxic treatment for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare when CD4+ count

Answer 27

Azithromycin