page 178-187 Flashcards
1
Q
rathke pouch
A
adenohypophysis
2
Q
lactotropes;
prolactin
A
mamm galdn development
adenohypophysis
3
Q
somatotropes;
GH
A
general growth
AA uptake
protein synthesis
carb and fat breakdown
4
Q
gonadotropes
A
from adenohypophysi
FSH for milk production
ovarian follicle maturation
spermatogenesis
5
Q
LH
A
gonadotropes of Adenohypophysis
stimulate sex steroid secretion
and control ovulation
6
Q
ACTH
A
Adenohypophysis
stim. glucocorticoid secretion
7
Q
thyrotrope
TSH
A
adenohypophysis
thyroxines secretion and uptake of I2
8
Q
pars intermedia
A
of adenohypophysis
lipotropes (lipotropic hormone)
no known human function
9
Q
pars tuberalis
A
adenohypophysis
gonadotropes
10
Q
pars nervosa
A
infidibulum of neurohypophysis
AdH
and oxytocin
11
Q
adh
A
h20 reabsorption
12
Q
oxytocin
A
uterine contraction and milk contraction
13
Q
no secretory products in
A
infidibulum and median eminence
14
Q
cheif cell
A
clear cytoplasm
secretes PTH
15
Q
oxyphil
A
granules in cytoplasm
16
Q
triangular organ sup to kidney
A
adrenal gland
17
Q
surrounded by thick CT capsule
A
adrenal gland
18
Q
reg feedback to hypothalamus and pit
A
adrenal gland
19
Q
outer cortex and inner medulla
A
adrenal gland
20
Q
mesoderm derived
A
outer cortex
21
Q
zonula glomerulosa
A
produces mineral coritcoids
thin layer beneath capsule
ex. aldosterone
22
Q
zonula fasciculata
A
glucocorticoids
hydrocortisone and cortisone
–> thick middle layer containing column of cells
23
Q
zon. reticulares
A
innermost layer containing cell in network of connected cells
gonadocorticoids
sex steroids
24
Q
inner medulla
A
neural crest ectoderm
chromofin cells
catecholamines
NE and Epe.
25
strat sq keratinized
vestibule of nasal cavity
26
peudostrat ciliated columnar
resp segment and olf. segment of nasal cavity
27
pseudostrat cil. columnar
nasopharynx
28
strat sq, nonker
oropharynx
29
strat sq nonker
vocal folds
30
pseudostrat ciliated columnar
vent. folds
31
pseudostrat ciliated columnar
C shaped hyaline cartieldge rings
32
pseudostrat. columnar
primary
extrapulm bronchi
33
simple columnar
terminal bronchiole
34
simple cub
resp. bronchiole
35
simple cuboidal
alv. duct and sac of alveoli
36
simply sq.
alveolar septa
37
nasal cavities
naso and oral pharynx
larynx trachea
bronchi
warms air, moistens, and removes particles
38
resp. ; gas exchange
bronchiole
alv. duct and sacs
alveoli
39
alveoli
site of gas exchange
40
sep. alveolar air spaces
alv septum
41
gas exchange
type 1 pneumocyte
42
joined by tight junction
type 1 pneumocyte
43
secretion
type 2 pneumocyte
44
pruduce surfactanct
type 2 pneumocyte
45
barrier
absorption
sec. barrier
upper dig. system
46
in to out of dig. system
mucosa
submucosa
musc. externa
serosa
adventitia
47
lamina propia of mucosa
underly CT and lymph tissue
48
smooth muscle
musc. mucosa of mucosal layer of Dig system
49
dense irreg CT
glands
submucosal plexus of unmy nerves and ganglia
submucosal layer of dig system
50
musc externa
SM
circle and long.
51
simple sq. ep
meosthelium of serosa
52
CT of serosa
adipose tissue
vasc
lymphatics
53
loose CT
adventita of upper dig system
54
food from oropharync to stomach
esphogus
55
ep of esophogus
non ker strat sq
56
glands of esophogus; mucus
esophogeal gland proper; upper portion
esophogeal cardiac glands; lower portion
innerv by CN 10
57
make chyme and mixing digested food
stomach
58
simple columnar ep and renews every 3-5 days
stomach
59
rugae
long folds along lumen of stomach accomodating expansion
60
depressions of mucosal surface into which gastric glands empty
gastric pits
61
junction of esophogus
cardiac of stomach
62
cardiac stomach
cardiac mucosal cells
| (cardiac gland of stomach)
63
sec. soluble mucus
mucus kneck cells
(body of stomach)
fundic gland
64
cheif ccells
pepsinogen(convert pepsin via gastric HCL)
65
parietal cells
HCL
IF
66
parietal cells
lower stomach pH
essential for vit B12 absorption
67
enteroendocrine cells
gastrin
stim HCL secretion from parietal cells
68
pyloric gland
pyloric of stomach
pyloric mucosal cells--\>secrete--viscous mucus
69
pyloric
junction of SI
70
fundic
body of stomach
71
none submucosal
glands of stomach
72
innervatin of stomach
Cn 10
73
digestion of cyme and absorption
SI
74
simple columnar and renews every 5-6 days
ep . of SI
75
plicae ciruclares
transverse semilunar folds along lumen of SI.; provide SA
most numerous at duodenum jej. junction
76
villi
finderlike projection of plicae
77
micro fingerlike projection on enterocyte
provide inc. SA
and create brush border
microvilli
78
shortest segment SI
duodenum
and has submucosal glands
79
middle segment of SI
jejunum
more plicae and villie for inc. absorption
80
longest segment of SI
lymphoid tissue (peyer patches)
81
musc externa
myenteric plexus(b/n 2 layers of SM)
82
segmentation
local contraction of SI
peristalsis (also part of SI)
83
Int glands
throughout SI at base of villi
84
only in duodenum
submucosal gland of brunner
85
ep through SI
eneterocyte
86
glycoprotein enzymes
enterocytes
87
absorption and digestion
enterocyte
88
mucus secretion
goblet cells
89
ep throughout SI
goblet cells
90
int gland throughout SI
and sec. lysozyme
paneth cells
91
digest bac. cell wall
paneth cells
92
in peyer patch
and absorption of antigens to underlying lymphatic tissue
paneth cells
93
enteroendocrine cels
int. crypts throughout SI
secrete CCK
secretin
GIP
94
inc panc secretion and bil sec.
CCK
95
inc. panc HC)3 sec
Secretin
96
dec. gastric acid secretion
GIP
97
HCO3
neutralizes int. pH
98
submucosal gland of brunner
mucosal cells of SI
99
reabs of H20/ electrolyte and elimination of wasted
LI
100
simple columnar and renew evey 5-6 days
ep of LI
101
goblet cells lub. dehyd fecal mater
LI
102
paneth cell s
not present in LI
103
lining smooth surface
of LI
104
no teniae coli
rectum
105
musc externa
teniae coli; 3 long bands of muscle for peristalsis
haustra; individual segment allow for independent contraction
106
int glands
crypts of lieberkuhm
LI
107
Cn 10 to
asc and transverse colon
108
pelvic splancnis nevre
to descending and sigmoid colon
109
lamina propia
peyer patch
lymphoid agg
GALT
110
liver exocrine
bile
111
liver endocrine
albumin
lipopro.
alpha and beta globulin
prothrombin
fibronectin
112
hep .artery
portal vein
bile duct
portal triad
113
hex. stacks of hepatocytes sep. by anastomosing sinusoids
surround central vein
with protal triad at each corner
liver lobules
114
nuclei of hepatocyte
binucleated
115
acidphilic cytoplasm
hepatocyte
116
Mit
golgi
rER
sER
peroxisomes sec. catalse and alc dehydrogenase
hepatocyte
117
lysosome of hepatocyte
store Fe
118
glycogen deposits
hepatocytes
119
lipid drops
hepatocytes
120
life span of hepatocytes
5 months
121
can regen
hepatocytes
122
hep. sinusoids
lined by thin discon. ep
no basement membrane
123
gaps of hep sinusoids
b/n ep. cells
124
fenestrae of hep. sinusoids
within ep, cells
125
cell type of hep. sinusoisds
ep. cells
126
biliary flow
hepatocyte
caniliculi
canalof herring
interlobular ducts
lobular ducts
common hep ducts
common bile ducts
duodenum(at ampulla of vater)
127
kupfer cells
mononuclear macrophage
128
ito cells
adipocytes in space of disse store Vit A
129
site of xchange b/n blood and hepatocyte
perisinusoidal space(disse)
130
biliary tree
transpots bile from hepaocyte to GB and duodenum
131
small canal formed by grooves in adjacent hep.
caniliculi
132
bile flow opp to
blood flow
133
ampula vater
opening of common bile duct into duodenum
134
spincter of boyden
at common bile duct
135
at amupula of vater
spincter of oddi
136
water electrolyte
chol
lecithhin
bile salt; glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid
bil pigments; bilirubin. biliverdin, glucoronide
Bile comp.
137
conc. and store bile
gall bladder
138
simple columnar
contain microvilli
lat. plications
Gall bladder
139
rokintansky aschoff sinuses
deep diverticuli of mucosa of gall bladder
140
no submucosa
gall bladder
141
doesnt contain lymp vessels
lamina propia of Gallbladder
142
mucin sec. glands
gall bladder
143
exocrine of gall bladder
dig. enzymes
144
end. of pancreas
glucagon
insulin
somatostatin
145
produce dig. enzymes precursor
act by trypsin in lumen of SI
exocrine pancrease
146
1st act by enterokinase
trypsinogen
147
pesinogen
amylase
lipase
deoxyribunuclease
trypsinogen
ribonucelase
exo. pancrease
148
panc. acini
exocrine pancreas
149
cell type of exocrine pancreas
centroacinar cells
150
reg. blood glucose level
end pancreas
151
islet of langerhan
endocrine pancreas
152
glucagon
alpha cell of panc. islets
153
inc . blood glucose levels
inc. glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
hep lipase
alpha cell of panc. islets
154
insulin
sec by beta cell of panc islets
155
dec. blood glucose level
and inc. cell glucose level usage and storage
Beta
156
somatostatin
sec by delta cell of Panc islets
157
inh insulin and glucagon sec
delta cell of panc islets
158
removes met. waste from kidney
conserve fluid
syn. erythropoeitin
syn. renin
hydroxylate Vit D
kidnye function
159
thin, tough outer covering
capsule of kidnye
160
glomerulus
10-20 in cortex
| (renal corpsucle)
161
bowman capsule
double layer ep covering
in cortex of kidney
162
medulla
med. collecting duct
loop of henly
vasa recta
163
prox and distal tubule and cortical Collecting duct
cortex of kidney
164
macula densa
part of distal conv. tubule
165
juxtaglomerular cells
modified SM cell
secrete renin
166
phagocytic cells
extraglomerular mesangial cells
167
absorp
filter
secrete
excretion
nephron
168
glomerulus
bowman capsule
prox. conv. tubule
loope of henle
dist. con. tubule
nephron
169
