page 158 - 167 Flashcards
1
Q
order
G1
G2
Mitosis
S
A
G1 S G2 M
G1 can go to G0
2
Q
period of dna synthesis
and takes 7 hours
A
S
3
Q
chomatin condenses within nucleus. mitotic spindles form
A
Prophase
4
Q
nuc. membrane and nucleoli dissappear.
chromosome line up at equatrial plate of mitotic spindle
A
metaphase
5
Q
chromssome spit
A
anaphase
6
Q
telophase
A
nuclear membrane forms around chromosome at poles. Chromosomes uncoil and nucleoli reappear.
cytoplasm divided to 2 daughterr cells
7
Q
produce 4 daughter cels with half chromosome number as parent cel.
A
meiosis
8
Q
beltlike junction completely seals off intercellular space b/n cells
A
tight junction(zonula occludens)
9
Q
int. junction
A
beltlike junction leaving 15-20 nm wide intercellullar space b/n adjacent cells
10
Q
desmosome
A
provide strong but localized adhesion sites b/n adjacent cells.
composed of attachment plaque on cytoplasic side of each adjoining cell surface to which intermediate filaments anchored,
11
Q
cel-cell (band)
A
tight junction
int. junction
12
Q
cell-cell(focal)
A
desmosome
hemidesmosome
gap junction
13
Q
adhesion is function
A
int. junction
desmosome
hemidesmosome
14
Q
occlusion
A
tight junction
15
Q
gap junction
A
communication
16
Q
occludens and claudin
A
princ. proteins of tight juntion
17
Q
actin, cadherin
A
int. junction
18
Q
cadherin
A
desmosome
19
Q
integrin
A
hemidesmosome
20
Q
connexin
A
gap junction
21
Q
various ep.
A
Tight junction
Int. junction
22
Q
neurons
Smooth and
cardiac muscle
A
gap junction
23
Q
epidermis and other ep
A
desmosome
24
Q
eputhelium and oral mucosa
A
hemidesmosome
25
provide strong but localized attachment of ep cells to CT.
desmosome
26
gap junction
localized area of free commnication b/n adjacent cells.
enables passage of fluid , ions, and small mol.
27
receptors
sec. component of gland
lines body cavity
covers body surface
epithelium
28
barre
diffusion
absorption
secretory
transport
sensory
functions of ep
29
one layer thick , touching Basement mebrane
simple
30
2 or more cell layer thick, deepest touching basement membrane
stratified ep.
31
pseudostratified ep.
one cell layer thick
all touch basement membrane
not all reach outer layer
columnar
32
absorption, secretion, transport
simple columnar
presudostratified
33
simple squamous
barrier diffusion
34
barrier secretion, absorption
simple cuboidal
35
barrier
strat. sq
36
barrier secretion
strat cuboidal
37
barrier transport
strat columnar
38
barrier distension
transitional
39
width \> height
squamous ep.
40
width =height
cuboidal ep
41
height\> width
columnar
42
ranges form squamous to cuboidal
distensible
transitional ep
43
line BV
endothelium
44
mesothelium
line all closd bode cavities
45
connect ep basal layer to CT
Basement membrane
46
attachment s
separation
filtration
scaffolding
functions ofBM
47
components of Basement memrbane
electron clear layer
48
type 4 colagen
proteoglycans
laminin
fibronectin
anchor fibrils
lamanin densa
49
reticular lamina
ret. fibers(type 3 collagen)
50
specialized CT
adipose tissue
blood
bone
cartieldge
lymphatic tissue
hematopoetic tissue
51
mesenchyme
mucus Ct
embryonic CT
52
loost CT
dense CT(reg and irreg)
CT proper
53
bone to bone
ligament
54
muscle to bone
tendon
55
aponeurosis
a sheetlike tendon
56
sharpeys fiber
proton of lig. or tendon insert into bone or cementum
57
loose CT
abundant ground substance with sparse fibers an cells
located under ep layer that cover body surface and line body cavity
58
\> fiber concentration, providing structural support
dense CT
59
irregular Dense Ct
irregular arrangemnt of fbers and cells
majority of dense CT
60
dermis
submucosa of GI
fibrous capsule
irregular dense CT
61
ordered rrangement of fibers and cells
i
redular dense Ct
62
tendon
lig
aponeurosis
regular Dense Ct
63
resident cell pop.
fibroblast(most common)
myofibroblast
adipocytes
macrophage
mast cell
mesenchymal cells
64
transient cell pop
lymphocyte
neutrophil
monocyte
plasma cells
eosinophils
basophils
65
secete product thru duct
exocrine
66
sweat saliva sebum
digestive enzymes
exocrine glands
67
endocrine glands
secrete products into bloodstream
68
secrete various peptides
paracrine
69
unicell and multicell
single sec unit vs multiple
70
goblet vs gastric cells
single vs. multiple sec units
71
merocrine
secretory producrt released from secretory granules
72
major salivary glands, panc. acinar cells
merocrine
73
apocrine
secretoyr product relased with cytoplasm
74
mamm gland, apocrine
sweat gland
apocrine gland
75
holocrine gland
secretory products released with porton of cell
ex. is sebacious gland
76
simple duct structure
unbranched
ex. is sweat gland
77
compound
branched
ex. major salivary glands and pancreas
78
tubular secretoyr unit
secretory portion shaped like a tube
ext. intestinal glans
79
colied secretory unit
secretory portion shaped like a coiled tube
ex. is eccrine sweat gland
80
acinar gland
secretory portion shaped lke sac like dilation
81
tubuloacinar glands
combo of tubular and acinar
ex. major salivary glands
82
mucus
viscous secretion
83
ex. subling salivary glands
goblet cells
mucus
84
h2o secretion
serous
85
parotid salivary gland
von ebner sal gland
paneth cells
gastric chief cells
serous secretion
86
mixed secretion
combo of mucus and secretion
ex. is submand saliary gland
87
structure of sal glands
lobes subdivided by CT septa
88
sal gland
lobe--\> lobules--\> terminal secretory units
89
contain cell seceting glycoprotein
and H2O elements of saliva
terminal sec. unit
90
lined with simple cub. ep
terminal secretory unit
91
secretory
serous and mucus cells
92
contractile cells
myoep cells
93
intercalated ducts
transports salva to larger duct
lined with simple cub. ep.
94
striated ducts
modifies salivary electrolyte
numerous elong. mitochondria give striatd appearance
95
lined by simple low columnar ep
striated ducts
96
terminal exc. duct
transports saliva to oral cavity
97
lined by presudostrat. columnar ep.
terminal exc. duct
98
avasc. CT
blood supply from pericondirum
cartiledge
99
compsoed of condrocytes
and reside in lacunae
and surrounded by own specialized ECM
cartieldge
100
chondroblasts
initial cartilagenic cellls
101
cartieldge matrix
type 2 collagen
102
ground substance ; hydrophillic
cartiledg matrix
103
ground substance of cartieldge matrix
GAGS; hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate
104
proteoglycan
GAGS
make up ground substance of Cart. matrix
105
innr cell layer of perichondrium
makes chondroblast
106
provides protection
outer fibrous layer of cartiledge
107
appositional growth
new cartiledge forms on surface of existing cartiledg
108
have perichondirum
fibroblastic cells from inner perichondrium differentiate into chondroblast--\> secrete matrix
appo. growth of cartiledge
109
nw cart. from existing cart.
interstitial growth
110
chondrocyte divide within lacunae enable new matric to be deposited
interstitial growth
111
some perichondriumm
with close packed thin collagen fibers
hyaline
112
perichondrium
coll. and elastic fibers
elastic
113
no perichondrium
dense collagen fibers
fibrocartiledge
114
provide elastic properties
elastic cartieldge
115
withstand compression and tension
fibrocartiledge
116
provides pliability and resilience
precursor to end. bone formation
hyaline
117
can calcify
hyaline
118
nose trachea bronchi
larynx
ribs
art. surface of long bones
hyaline
119
elastic cart.
ext. ear
eus. tube
epiglottis
120
IVD
art disc of TMJ
symphysis pubic
meniscus of knee
fibrocartiledge
121
cant calcify
elastic and fibrocartieldge
122
yellow minerlaized vasc tissue of varying degree density
bone
123
osteoblast
make osteoid;type 1 collagen and ground substance
mature bone form when osteoid calcifies
124
calc. process
osteoblast trapped in spaces within min. matrix called lacunae and diff,. to osteocyte
125
osteocyte
maintain bone matrix
maintain nourishment via vasc. tunnels within bones called canaliculi.
126
function of bone
support
protection
movemnet
mineral storage, Ca,P
bonemarrow; hematopoesis
127
osteoclacin;
marker of bone formation
one component of bone matrix
128
binds CA and collagen
osteonectin
129
GAG
ground substance
130
hydroxyapetite
inorganic component of bone matrix
131
occurs in both end. and intermembranous bone at anytime
appositional growth
132
occurs in endochondral bone only until epiphyseal plate coses
interstitial growth
133
mes. cells diff into osteoblast
- \> secrete bone matrix within established locus of loose arranged collagen.
new matrix calcifies to form immature woven bone
over time, osteoclastic resorption of woven bone and new osteoblast matrix is deposited in more tight arranged manner
matrix calcified to form mature bone of high strength
Int. ossification
134
flat bone of skull
maxilla
mand. body
clavicle
int. ossification
135
endochondral oss.
subperiosteal bony cuff forms around already established locus of hyaline cartiledge.
grows larger and causes hypertrophy and death of chondrocyte
cartledge matric calcifies
over time, osteoclastic resorption of calcified cartiledg occurs and new osteoblastic matrix deposited to form mature bone
136
long bone
vertebrae
mand. condyles
end. ossification
137
occurs in both end. and intermembranous oss at any time
appositional growth
138
occurs in endochondral bone only until epiphyseal plates close
interstitial growth
139
cortical bone
haversian system
140
concentric bone matrix lamellae surrounding cnetral hav canal containing neurovasc. bundles
caniliculi connect to the central canal by volksmans canal
space b/n osteon is omposed of previous osteonal lamellae called interstitial lamellae
haversian system description
141
cancellous bone
is lamellar like cortical bone
config, and arrangement is less dense.
142
lamellae of cancellous bone
thin spicules called trabeculae
if thick enuf contain osteons
(b/n trabeculae are marrow spaces of various sizes)
trabeculae follow line of stress
143
periosteum
fibrous CT capsule surorunding outer surface bone
144
collagne fibroblast
osteoprogenitor cells
periosteum
145
one cell layer thick mostly of osteoprogenitor cells that line inner surface bone.
has bone marrow
endosteum
146
yellow marrow
fat cells
predominat emarrow type in maxilla and mandible
147
hemapoeitic cells
found in mand. ramus and condyles
red marrow
148
multi nuc. giant cell that reside in resorption bays known as howship lacunae
osteoclast
149
make large number of hydrolytic nzymes from ruffled border
osteoclast
150
proton lower pH at site of resorption, subsequently dissolving calc. bone matrix
after collegnases and proteases digest decalc. bone matrix
osteoclast
151
fracture repair
blood clot forms
bridging callus formation
periosteal callus formation
new end. bone formation
152
PTH
stim. osteoclastic bone resorption
sec. by parathyroid gland
153
calcitonin
inh. osteoclastic bone resorption
sec. by parafolllicular cells of tyroid gland
154
immovable joint
synarthrosis
155
ampiarthrosis
slightly movablejoint
156
diarthosis
fully moveable joint
157
joined by firbous CT
fibrous CT
158
suture
(cranial)
159
radius ulna
tibia fibula
syndesmosis
160
tooth socket
gomphosis
161
cartilagenous
joined by cartiledge
162
synchondrosis
epiphyseal plate of long bone
163
symhysis pubis
symphysis
164
synovial
freely movable
lined by synovial membrane
165
majority of joints
synovial joint
