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A - Placement > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Plagiocephaly is what?

A

Rhombus shaped head

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2
Q

What is osgood schlatters

A

Teens: inflam of tibial tuberosity where patella inserts (pullin on epiphyseal plate causing avulsion fracture s.

Anterior knee pain especially with movement
Visiable tender lump

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3
Q

Cardiac failure in babies how might it present?

A

Poor feeding (early fatigue, vomiting,lethargy)
FTT (failure to thrive)
Delayed milestones

Sweating (head)
Tachypnoea
Recurrent chest infections

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4
Q

What is a tet spell? How do we manage

A

Cry and go blue

Hypoxaeimic spells

Tetralogy if fallot spell

Treat comservitvly first, valsalva or others
Then betablocker

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5
Q

Left to right shunts

A

Asd
Vsd
Pda

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6
Q

Why do we need to check femoral pulse and radio femoral delay?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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7
Q

Bilateral pitting oedema Vs puffy face

A

Bilateral pitting oedema Think heart

Puffy face think kidneys

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8
Q

Parasternal heave is what?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy. Very bad sign

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9
Q

When would you hear continuous murmor

A

Pda

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10
Q

T wave inversion - is that normal in kids

A

Often normal until adolescent

After that signifies ischaemia

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11
Q

Why does it take up to 3 weeks to get

A

High vascular Resistance in right side following birth

Tipping point for pressure is around 3 weeks and will develop cardiac symptoms

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12
Q

Muscular vs membranous healing in cardiac septal defects

A

Muscular takes less time

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13
Q

cardiac defect in kawasakis

A

coronary artery aneurysm

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14
Q

Kawasaki treatment

A

IV immunugolbulin and high dose aspirin

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15
Q

Epstein Barr Virus infection, more unwell, target-like lesions, multiple ulcerations on her lips and buccal mucosa

A

Stevens Johnson’s syndrome

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16
Q

purpuric rash over his buttocks and legs. red coloured urine, and the rash is palpable

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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17
Q

Gowers sign is indicative of what?

A

Duchanes muscular dystrophy - seen when people have to roll over and climb up themselves

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18
Q

Extreme Stevens Johnson’s syndrome (>30% body involvement)

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

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19
Q

puffy child, what investigation?

A

Urine dip (for protein)

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20
Q

3 features characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Oedema
Proteinuria (1g/m2/24hrs)
Hypoalbuminaemia (<27g/l)

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21
Q

minimal change disease treatment

A

steroids

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23
Q

How does malrotation present?

A

pull up the legs and cry
stop crying suddenly
behave normally for 15 to 30 minutes
repeat this behavior when the next cramp happens
Infants also may be fussy, lethargic, or have trouble pooping.

+vommitting

24
Q

How does malrotation present?

A

pull up the legs and cry
stop crying suddenly
behave normally for 15 to 30 minutes
repeat this behavior when the next cramp happens
Infants also may be fussy, lethargic, or have trouble pooping.

younngg baby

+vommitting

25
Double bubble sign is what?
Duodenal attresia (d for d)
26
Tripple bubble sign
Jejuno-ileo atresia
27
Day 2: Baby not passed meconium, micro colon soap bubble appearance
Meconium ilius
28
within 48hNo meconium, bilious vommitting, abdo distension, enterocolitis, distal obstruction.
Hirschprungs disease, biopsy
29
premature, bilious vom, distension, blood in stool
NEC
30
VACTERL syndrome stands for what?
V A C T E R L
31
What is Meckle's diverticulum?
32
Most common age for intersusseptions
4-18 months (peak 4-7 months)
33
Colicky abdo pain, vom, redcurrant jelly, sausaged shaped mass typically right hypochondrium
intersusseption
34
casuses of intersusseptions
think about viruses etc, could have caused inflammation - payers patches?? causing weakness and then leading to intersusseption
35
intersusseption gold standard investigation
ultasound
36
intersusseption treatment
air reduction (if clinically stble) try 2 times. risk bowel perforration so risk of management if unsuccessful then surgery A-E obvz iv anti biotic - preventing nec
37
Can Jaundice be a sign of anaemia?
Yes
38
microcytic hypochromic red cell counts, under 5, think what?
Iron deficinecy anaemia
39
Milks - what has lowest iron content?
Cows milk Mums milk is readily available to be absorbed Bottle milk is fortified with iron
40
Why would we want to repeat a ferratin and what does it show?
Measures iron stores, but it is an acute phase reacftant and so should be repeated, especially if have been unwell
41
What is Sytron?
Sodium Feredetate (Iron supplementation)
42
How do we treat Hereditary sperocytosis?
-Mild: none, if limited diet: Folic acid -Mod (Symptomatic/needing reg. transfusions): Splenectomy
43
Splenectomy - more suseptable to what infection? So what do we do?
Encapsulated bact. eg haemophilus influenza, pneumococcus, meningococcus So usually wait until aged 7
44
Bleeding/Bruising child, what do we need to ask about?
Onset Pattern of bleeding - Mucosal vs muscle/joints Pattern of bruising - site/lumpy/large (if lumpy or big think bleeding disorder) Operations/trauma - prolonged bleeding Spontaneous bruising/bleeding Fhx (inc. menorrhagia) Safeguarding
45
Petichiae are a sign of what?
Leukaemia/thrombocytopenia
46
WHat else do we need to examine in a child with easy bruising?
Hepato/splenomegaly
47
soely thrombocytopenia, think what? What type of diagnosis is it? how long to improve?
ideopathic thrombocytopenia diagnosis of exclusion improve over weeks/months
48
why do we find semi low factor 8 in von williebranddisease?
von williebrand factor stabalises factpr 8 in the blood
49
What are the types of VWD? What do we expect to see on blood counts?
1 - mild, most common 2 - functional defect - can look like haemophillia 3 - very rare FBC normal prolonged PTT Low VWF - but can be arctefactually high as acute phase reactant and so the stress of venepuncture can increase levels of VWF
50
Treatment of VWD
something else to prevent/control serious/life threatening bleeding Desmopressin (increases release of endogenous VWF TXA Avoid NSAIDS (can affect platelet function
51
Primary school aged Viral illness/gastro enteritis Nosebleed Petechial widespread rash mucosal bleeding what is it and treatment
Immune thrombocytopaenic purpura Children - usually resolves without intervention over a couple of months Active bleeding: IVIG or steroids
52
haemophillia is passed on how?
X linked recessive
53
anaemia, thrombocutopenia, neutropaenia/leukopaenia, bone pain. lymphadenopathy how diagnosed?
Acute leukaemia ALL (75%), AML (20%) Diagnosed bone marrow aspirate
54

A - Placement (19 decks)

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