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A - Placement > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Plagiocephaly is what?

A

Rhombus shaped head

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2
Q

What is osgood schlatters

A

Teens: inflam of tibial tuberosity where patella inserts (pullin on epiphyseal plate causing avulsion fracture s.

Anterior knee pain especially with movement
Visiable tender lump

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3
Q

Cardiac failure in babies how might it present?

A

Poor feeding (early fatigue, vomiting,lethargy)
FTT (failure to thrive)
Delayed milestones

Sweating (head)
Tachypnoea
Recurrent chest infections

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4
Q

What is a tet spell? How do we manage

A

Cry and go blue

Hypoxaeimic spells

Tetralogy if fallot spell

Treat comservitvly first, valsalva or others
Then betablocker

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5
Q

Left to right shunts

A

Asd
Vsd
Pda

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6
Q

Why do we need to check femoral pulse and radio femoral delay?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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7
Q

Bilateral pitting oedema Vs puffy face

A

Bilateral pitting oedema Think heart

Puffy face think kidneys

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8
Q

Parasternal heave is what?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy. Very bad sign

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9
Q

When would you hear continuous murmor

A

Pda

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10
Q

T wave inversion - is that normal in kids

A

Often normal until adolescent

After that signifies ischaemia

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11
Q

Why does it take up to 3 weeks to get

A

High vascular Resistance in right side following birth

Tipping point for pressure is around 3 weeks and will develop cardiac symptoms

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12
Q

Muscular vs membranous healing in cardiac septal defects

A

Muscular takes less time

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13
Q

cardiac defect in kawasakis

A

coronary artery aneurysm

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14
Q

Kawasaki treatment

A

IV immunugolbulin and high dose aspirin

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15
Q

Epstein Barr Virus infection, more unwell, target-like lesions, multiple ulcerations on her lips and buccal mucosa

A

Stevens Johnson’s syndrome

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16
Q

purpuric rash over his buttocks and legs. red coloured urine, and the rash is palpable

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

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17
Q

Gowers sign is indicative of what?

A

Duchanes muscular dystrophy - seen when people have to roll over and climb up themselves

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18
Q

Extreme Stevens Johnson’s syndrome (>30% body involvement)

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

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19
Q

puffy child, what investigation?

A

Urine dip (for protein)

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20
Q

3 features characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Oedema
Proteinuria (1g/m2/24hrs)
Hypoalbuminaemia (<27g/l)

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21
Q

minimal change disease treatment

A

steroids

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22
Q
A
23
Q

How does malrotation present?

A

pull up the legs and cry
stop crying suddenly
behave normally for 15 to 30 minutes
repeat this behavior when the next cramp happens
Infants also may be fussy, lethargic, or have trouble pooping.

+vommitting

24
Q

How does malrotation present?

A

pull up the legs and cry
stop crying suddenly
behave normally for 15 to 30 minutes
repeat this behavior when the next cramp happens
Infants also may be fussy, lethargic, or have trouble pooping.

younngg baby

+vommitting

25
Q

Double bubble sign is what?

A

Duodenal attresia (d for d)

26
Q

Tripple bubble sign

A

Jejuno-ileo atresia

27
Q

Day 2: Baby not passed meconium, micro colon soap bubble appearance

A

Meconium ilius

28
Q

within 48hNo meconium, bilious vommitting, abdo distension, enterocolitis, distal obstruction.

A

Hirschprungs disease, biopsy

29
Q

premature, bilious vom, distension, blood in stool

A

NEC

30
Q

VACTERL syndrome stands for what?

A

V
A
C
T
E
R
L

31
Q

What is Meckle’s diverticulum?

A
32
Q

Most common age for intersusseptions

A

4-18 months (peak 4-7 months)

33
Q

Colicky abdo pain, vom, redcurrant jelly, sausaged shaped mass typically right hypochondrium

A

intersusseption

34
Q

casuses of intersusseptions

A

think about viruses etc, could have caused inflammation - payers patches?? causing weakness and then leading to intersusseption

35
Q

intersusseption gold standard investigation

A

ultasound

36
Q

intersusseption treatment

A

air reduction (if clinically stble) try 2 times. risk bowel perforration so risk of management

if unsuccessful then surgery

A-E obvz
iv anti biotic - preventing nec

37
Q

Can Jaundice be a sign of anaemia?

A

Yes

38
Q

microcytic hypochromic red cell counts, under 5, think what?

A

Iron deficinecy anaemia

39
Q

Milks - what has lowest iron content?

A

Cows milk

Mums milk is readily available to be absorbed
Bottle milk is fortified with iron

40
Q

Why would we want to repeat a ferratin and what does it show?

A

Measures iron stores, but it is an acute phase reacftant and so should be repeated, especially if have been unwell

41
Q

What is Sytron?

A

Sodium Feredetate

(Iron supplementation)

42
Q

How do we treat Hereditary sperocytosis?

A

-Mild: none, if limited diet: Folic acid
-Mod (Symptomatic/needing reg. transfusions): Splenectomy

43
Q

Splenectomy - more suseptable to what infection? So what do we do?

A

Encapsulated bact. eg haemophilus influenza, pneumococcus, meningococcus

So usually wait until aged 7

44
Q

Bleeding/Bruising child, what do we need to ask about?

A

Onset
Pattern of bleeding - Mucosal vs muscle/joints
Pattern of bruising - site/lumpy/large (if lumpy or big think bleeding disorder)
Operations/trauma - prolonged bleeding
Spontaneous bruising/bleeding

Fhx (inc. menorrhagia)
Safeguarding

45
Q

Petichiae are a sign of what?

A

Leukaemia/thrombocytopenia

46
Q

WHat else do we need to examine in a child with easy bruising?

A

Hepato/splenomegaly

47
Q

soely thrombocytopenia, think what? What type of diagnosis is it? how long to improve?

A

ideopathic thrombocytopenia
diagnosis of exclusion
improve over weeks/months

48
Q

why do we find semi low factor 8 in von williebranddisease?

A

von williebrand factor stabalises factpr 8 in the blood

49
Q

What are the types of VWD? What do we expect to see on blood counts?

A

1 - mild, most common
2 - functional defect - can look like haemophillia
3 - very rare

FBC normal
prolonged PTT
Low VWF - but can be arctefactually high as acute phase reactant and so the stress of venepuncture can increase levels of VWF

50
Q

Treatment of VWD

A

something else to prevent/control serious/life threatening bleeding

Desmopressin (increases release of endogenous VWF

TXA

Avoid NSAIDS (can affect platelet function

51
Q

Primary school aged
Viral illness/gastro enteritis
Nosebleed
Petechial widespread rash
mucosal bleeding

what is it and treatment

A

Immune thrombocytopaenic purpura

Children - usually resolves without intervention over a couple of months

Active bleeding: IVIG or steroids

52
Q

haemophillia is passed on how?

A

X linked recessive

53
Q

anaemia, thrombocutopenia, neutropaenia/leukopaenia, bone pain. lymphadenopathy

how diagnosed?

A

Acute leukaemia

ALL (75%), AML (20%)

Diagnosed bone marrow aspirate

54
Q
A

A - Placement (16 decks)

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