Infections Flashcards
Hiv virus type
Lentivirus and rNA
How do we prevent hiv in new born babies?
By antivials to the new born within 2-4 hours and again later
What virus causes Kaposi sarcoma
Herpes virus 8
How do you take pep for hiv?
Within 72 hours of exposure for a month.
Then you need to wait 45 days (window period) after finishing Pep for hiv test
Is one positive hiv test definitive in hospital?
No. You need more testing with sexual health
Late Vs very late diagnosis of hiv vs
Aids?
Late is under 350 cd4 count
Very late under 200 cd4 count
Aids is cd4 under 200 and one or more opportunistic infection
What is iris
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Mimics sepsis
Viral load reduces very low very quickly. Wakens immune system. Attacks what was already there badly.
Give steroids. And treat other infections.
Also pop on co-timoxazole, give a week gap between starting either for adverse affects
Hep b and c window period
3-6 months
Can you get hep b or c via snorting
Yes, fragile nose blood vessels
- hep c lasts for ages on surfaces etc
Can you get hep b or c via snorting
Yes, fragile nose blood vessels
- hep c lasts for ages on surfaces etc
Is hep c routinely screened for antenatally?
No
Can you transmit hep b or hep c through toothbrush or sharing razors
Yes
Is hep b or hep c more infectious
Hep B - If very very bad then you can get saliva transmission
Guidelines for liver screens in gp
Liver tests plus hep b hep c
Hiv not in the guidelines but mayaswell
What is involved with hepatoma surveillance?
Blood tests and uss of the liver
Looking for any changes/new cancers
Abnormal liver function - what do you need to test for?
Bbv
Most common cause of acute hepatitis
Hep E
Most commonly through pigs or deer. Can be through shellfish. So AVOID under cooked pork/shellfish. Use clean water.
40 week incubation period
Other neuro manifestations/Aki
Mainly self limiting.
Why should you give vitamin A for measles?
Because Measles depleastes your vitamin A stores, and this in turn can lead to blindness if left untreated
Way to remember
M E(ats the) A sles so depletes the stores
How do we test for typhoid?
Blood cultures - 2 needed
What is the presentation of typhoid fever?
Fever, headache, gastro pain that can lead to diahorea
Splenomegaly
Is measles infectious?
Yes!! Without the vacccine out of every 10 contacts, 9 will become infected
Chest crackles following on from measles, what could this be caused by?
Measles pneumonia - give the braod spectrum abx
Other than measles pneumonia (the leading cause of death from measles), what is another key compolication?
Hearing loss
