Cardio

Question 1

Ectopic then qrs then etcopic etc etc

Answer 1

Bigeminy

Question 2

Ventricular vs atrial ectopics

Answer 2

Ventricular are wider

Question 3

How can we determine axis deviation?

Answer 3

Look at lead one and lead 3, if they are leaving each other then they are left axis deviation. If they are returning to each other then they are right axis deviation

Question 4

Saw tooth p wave means what?

Answer 4

Atrial flutter

Question 5

Bifid p wave means what

Answer 5

Left atrial enlargement eg mitral regurgitation.

Question 6

Tall p waves means what?

Answer 6

P pulmonale

Question 7

What is William marrow?

Answer 7

William w looking v 1, m shaped v6 = left bundle branch block

Marrow m looking 1, W looking 6 = right bundle branch block

Question 8

U ain’t got no pot, no T but a long or and a long qt

Answer 8

Means what

For low pot, = no T, long pr and long qt

Question 9

Ssri, mthadone and antiemetics shave what in common?

Answer 9

Prolonged QT

Question 10

What are the ranges of long qt and when is the risk of torsards de points?

Answer 10

Over 440ms men, over 460ms women

Risk of tdp over 500ms

Question 11

High heart rate and high qt what do we need to do?

Answer 11

Double check qt interval manually

Question 12

Tourards du point treatment

Answer 12

IV mg

Question 13

What are the variations of T wave shapes and meaning?

Question 14

What are the different types of mi?

Answer 14

There are 6
1 = spontaneous
2 = imbalance supply and demand
3 = spontaneous eg collapse

Question 15

Do you give adenosine to asthmatics or copd?

Answer 15

NO!!!

Give verapamil

Question 16

What condition can cause a short pr interval and delta waves?

Answer 16

Wolf Parkinson white

Question 17

Prolonged qrs - is it likely to be lad stemi if there was elevation?

Answer 17

No! All needs to be checked: likely bundle branch block

Question 18

Pr interval time
Qrs time

Answer 18

Pr 0.12-0.2
Qrs under 0.12

Question 19

Big box ECG time

Answer 19

0.2s

Small box is 0.04

Question 20

Between qrs:
- more than 5 big boxes
-less than 3 big boxes

Answer 20

Tachycardia
Bradycardic

Question 21

How to calc hr

Answer 21

Total number qrs x 6

Or between qrs big box / 300

Question 22

Nstemi signs

Answer 22

There may be:
T wave inversion
Pathological q waves
There may be no changes but

RAISED TROPONIN

Question 23

Neurons in resting state: where are potassium and sodium? Relative negative action potentials

Answer 23

Resting state = more Na outside
More k inside

More Na over all and more positively charged particles outside cell as opposed to inside the cell. (Inside cell is more negative)
-70 at rest, -55 to potentiate the action potemtial and open sodium channels