Paediatrics Flashcards
Very young child with coryzal symptoms, barking cough and inspiratory stridor, diagnosis, cause and management:
Croup, parainfluenza virus, oral dexamethasone
Cause of acute epiglottitis:
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Vaccine for new university students <25 years:
Meningitis ACWY
Age kids hops on one leg:
4 years
Age pulls to stand and crawls:
9 months
Age squats to pick a toy
18 months
When do you refer to paediatric surgery for unilateral undescended testts and when would patient need orchidopexy?
Referral before 6 months. Orchidopexy before 12 months.
Immediate referral indications for bronchiolitis:
- apnoea
- grunting, marked chest recession, or a respiratory rate of over 70 breaths/minute
- central cyanosis
- persistent oxygen saturation of less than 92%
Newborn with bruises and INR of 4, risk factor and diagnosis:
Breastfeeding, Vitamin K deficiency
Child with non-blanching petechial rash, no other symptoms, recent viral illness, diagnosis:
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Coryzal illness with associated high fever that resolves followed 1-2 weeks later by an erythematous rash across the trunk and limbs, may cause febrile seizures:
Roseola infantum
Begins as tonsillitis, red-pink rash that begins on the trunk. Fever, a strawberry appearance of the tongue, and cervical lymphadenopathy.
Scarlet fever
Perthes disease management
< 6 years:observation
Older: surgical management with moderate results
Operate on severe deformities
Treatment for seborrheic dermatitis cradle cap in babies:
Baby shampoo and baby oil
Premature baby, subclavicular thrill, machinery-like murmur, collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure, dx and management:
Patent ductus arteriosus. Indomethacin or ibuprofen
When are breech position babies screened for DDH?
At birth and at 6 weeks
Most common cause of primary headache in children
Migraines
C-section baby with increased respiratory rate and the chest x-ray findings of hyperinflation and fluid in the horizontal fissure, dx and mx
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn, supportive
Dyspnoea and tachypnoea at birth, reduced breath sounds, heart sounds displaced medially, concave abdominal wall:
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Shaken baby syndrome triad:
Retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma and encephalopathy
First-line treatment for paediatric migraine
Ibuprofen.
Sumatriptan nasal spray is only licensed in children >12 years of age. Oral sumatriptan is not licensed in people <18 years old.
Age to combine 2 words:
2 years
Age to say mama and dada:
9 months
Neonate with poor feeding, shortness of breath, hepatomegaly
Congestive heart failure
Child, episodic vomiting, severe abdominal pain drawing knees up, sausage-shaped mass is palpable in the right upper quadrant, jelly-like stool, investigation and diagnosis:
US, intussusception
The most common congenital cardiac abnormality in Down’s syndrome is
Atrioventricular septal defects
Young patient, pyrexia
salmon-pink rash
lymphadenopathy,
arthritis: diagnosis:
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Constipation in children first-line
Macrogol
Severe croup not responding to oral dexa:
Oxygen + nebulised adrenaline
When to give rotavirus vaccination and when to not give it:
2 and 3 months. First dose not give after 15 weeks, and second after 6 months
Child with a persistent cough, worse at night, possibly associated with vomiting, dx, when to admit and tx:
Whooping cough (bordetella pertussis), admit infants <6 months, macrolides.
Ophthalmia neonatorum tx:
Refer same day
Child with fever, ages and when to admit:
Admit <3 months >=38°C
Admit 3-6 months >=39°C
Most common cause of stridor in infants, may have poor feeding and failure to thrive, dx and tx:
Laryngomalacia, normally self-limiting, surgery if respiratory distress or failure to thrive
Pertussis vaccine in pregnancy:
16-32 weeks
Auscultation finding in Turner’s syndrome:
Ejection systolic murmur, bicuspid aortic valve
Meningitis in children < 3 months: give IV what in addition to cefotaxime to cover for Listeria
Amoxicillin
Triad of sensorineural deafness, eye abnormalities and congenital heart disease
Rubella
First-line antibiotic for sore throat after Centor criteria:
Phenoxymethylpenicillin for 7 days
Most likely organism causing meningitis in infants <3 months?
GBS
when to test for HIV antibodies in babies born from HIV + moms?
18 months
