Paediatrics

Question 1

Very young child with coryzal symptoms, barking cough and inspiratory stridor, diagnosis, cause and management:

Answer 1

Croup, parainfluenza virus, oral dexamethasone

Question 2

Cause of acute epiglottitis:

Answer 2

Haemophilus influenzae type B

Question 3

Vaccine for new university students <25 years:

Answer 3

Meningitis ACWY

Question 4

Age kids hops on one leg:

Answer 4

4 years

Question 5

Age pulls to stand and crawls:

Answer 5

9 months

Question 6

Age squats to pick a toy

Answer 6

18 months

Question 7

When do you refer to paediatric surgery for unilateral undescended testts and when would patient need orchidopexy?

Answer 7

Referral before 6 months. Orchidopexy before 12 months.

Question 8

Immediate referral indications for bronchiolitis:

Answer 8

• apnoea
• grunting, marked chest recession, or a respiratory rate of over 70 breaths/minute
• central cyanosis
• persistent oxygen saturation of less than 92%

Question 9

Newborn with bruises and INR of 4, risk factor and diagnosis:

Answer 9

Breastfeeding, Vitamin K deficiency

Question 10

Child with non-blanching petechial rash, no other symptoms, recent viral illness, diagnosis:

Answer 10

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 11

Coryzal illness with associated high fever that resolves followed 1-2 weeks later by an erythematous rash across the trunk and limbs, may cause febrile seizures:

Answer 11

Roseola infantum

Question 12

Begins as tonsillitis, red-pink rash that begins on the trunk. Fever, a strawberry appearance of the tongue, and cervical lymphadenopathy.

Answer 12

Scarlet fever

Question 13

Perthes disease management

Answer 13

< 6 years:observation
Older: surgical management with moderate results
Operate on severe deformities

Question 14

Treatment for seborrheic dermatitis cradle cap in babies:

Answer 14

Baby shampoo and baby oil

Question 15

Premature baby, subclavicular thrill, machinery-like murmur, collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure, dx and management:

Answer 15

Patent ductus arteriosus. Indomethacin or ibuprofen

Question 16

When are breech position babies screened for DDH?

Answer 16

At birth and at 6 weeks

Question 17

Most common cause of primary headache in children

Answer 17

Migraines

Question 18

C-section baby with increased respiratory rate and the chest x-ray findings of hyperinflation and fluid in the horizontal fissure, dx and mx

Answer 18

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn, supportive

Question 19

Dyspnoea and tachypnoea at birth, reduced breath sounds, heart sounds displaced medially, concave abdominal wall:

Answer 19

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 20

Shaken baby syndrome triad:

Answer 20

Retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma and encephalopathy

Question 21

First-line treatment for paediatric migraine

Answer 21

Ibuprofen.
Sumatriptan nasal spray is only licensed in children >12 years of age. Oral sumatriptan is not licensed in people <18 years old.

Question 22

Age to combine 2 words:

Answer 22

2 years

Question 23

Age to say mama and dada:

Answer 23

9 months

Question 24

Neonate with poor feeding, shortness of breath, hepatomegaly

Answer 24

Congestive heart failure

Question 25

Child, episodic vomiting, severe abdominal pain drawing knees up, sausage-shaped mass is palpable in the right upper quadrant, jelly-like stool, investigation and diagnosis:

Answer 25

US, intussusception

Question 26

The most common congenital cardiac abnormality in Down’s syndrome is

Answer 26

Atrioventricular septal defects

Question 27

Young patient, pyrexia
salmon-pink rash
lymphadenopathy,
arthritis: diagnosis:

Answer 27

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Question 28

Constipation in children first-line

Answer 28

Macrogol

Question 29

Severe croup not responding to oral dexa:

Answer 29

Oxygen + nebulised adrenaline

Question 30

When to give rotavirus vaccination and when to not give it:

Answer 30

2 and 3 months. First dose not give after 15 weeks, and second after 6 months

Question 31

Child with a persistent cough, worse at night, possibly associated with vomiting, dx, when to admit and tx:

Answer 31

Whooping cough (bordetella pertussis), admit infants <6 months, macrolides.

Question 32

Ophthalmia neonatorum tx:

Answer 32

Refer same day

Question 33

Child with fever, ages and when to admit:

Answer 33

Admit <3 months >=38°C
Admit 3-6 months >=39°C

Question 34

Most common cause of stridor in infants, may have poor feeding and failure to thrive, dx and tx:

Answer 34

Laryngomalacia, normally self-limiting, surgery if respiratory distress or failure to thrive

Question 35

Pertussis vaccine in pregnancy:

Answer 35

16-32 weeks

Question 36

Auscultation finding in Turner’s syndrome:

Answer 36

Ejection systolic murmur, bicuspid aortic valve

Question 37

Meningitis in children < 3 months: give IV what in addition to cefotaxime to cover for Listeria

Answer 37

Amoxicillin