Endocrinology Flashcards
Normal fasting glucose levels:
Normal - <=6 mmol/l - prediabetes - >=7mmol/l - DM
Normal HbA1c levels:
Normal - <=41 mmol/l - prediabetes - >=48mmol/l - DM
Mnemonic for diabetes drugs:
Gli-Sulfonylureas
Glitazo-lidinediones
SITagliptine- Sit chair 4 legs- DPP4
SGLT2-flozin between 2 teeth
GLP-1 GLuPtides
Suspected acromegaly, IGF-1 raised, next step:
OGTT to confirm lack pf GH suppression
Hypothermia and confusion, may present with eyes and legs oedema, reduced respiratory drive, pericardial effusions, anaemia, seizures, and other symptoms of hypothyroidism, diagnosis:
Myxoedema coma
First line treatment for prolactinoma:
Dopamine agonists (cabergoline, bromocriptine)
Which conditions can give falsely low HbA1c readings?
Sickle cell anaemia and other haemoglobinopathies, due the decreased lifespan of RBCs
Which medication may result in suboptimal hypothyroidism treatment?
Iron / calcium carbonate tablets can reduce the absorption of levothyroxine, give them 4 hours apart
DM2 drug that may cause weight gain and hypoglycaemic episodes:
Sulfonylureas
Standard HbA1c target in type 2 diabetes mellitus:
48 mmol/mol.
53 mmol/mol if started on a second agent, or if receiving a medication that carries the risk of hypoglycaemia
DM2 drug that increases risk of urinary tract infections:
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Addison’s disease management:
Hydrocortisone + fludrocortisone
Thyroid values in sick euthyroid syndrome:
Low T3/T4 and normal TSH with acute illness
First-line treatment for symptomatic hypercalcaemia:
IV 0.9 saline, for dehydration
Significant smoking history, weight loss, respiratory symptoms, and a mass on CXR, and hyponatraemia, diagnosis:
Small-cell lung cancer. SIADH is a common complication
