Haematology

Question 1

Transfusion of PRBCs can significantly alter which electrolytes:

Answer 1

Hyperkalaemia

Question 2

Lymphoma or leukemia patient that started chemotherapy now has AKI, hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcaemia, diagnosis and management:

Answer 2

Tumout lysis syndrome. Allopurinol or rasburicase

Question 3

Cough, dyspnoea, fever, pulmonary infiltrates on CXR, history of anaemia, jaundice, and severe pain when cold, diagnosis:

Answer 3

Sickle cell disease with acute chest syndrome

Question 4

Patient taking COCP is due for a surgery, advice:

Answer 4

Stop taking COCP 4 weeks before surgeries.

Question 5

Cryoprecipitate contents and indications:

Answer 5

Factor VIII, XIII, fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. Indications include massive haemorrhage and uncontrolled bleeding due to haemophilia

Question 6

Hodgkin’s lymphoma: signs of poor prognosis:

Answer 6

B-symptoms, increasing age, male sex, stage IV disease and lymphocyte depleted subtype

Question 7

Reversal agent for dabigatran:

Answer 7

Idarucizumab

Question 8

Beta thalassaemia major treatment:

Answer 8

Transfusions and iron chelation with desferrioxamine

Question 9

The transfusion threshold for patients with ACS is:

Answer 9

80 g/L

Question 10

Philadelphia chromosome, leukocytosis, basophilia, eosinophilia, thromocytopenia, anaemia, no blast cells, diagnosis and treatment:

Answer 10

Chronic myeloid leukaemia, imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)

Question 11

Haemarthroses, haematoma, prolonged APTT:

Answer 11

Haemophilia B

Question 12

Acute haemolytic reaction during transfusion symptoms:

Answer 12

Fever, abdominal pain, hypotension

Question 13

Common causes of abdominal pain in hereditary spherocytosis:

Answer 13

Gallstones, splenomegaly

Question 14

Elder with anaemia, massive splenomegaly, weight loss, night sweats, tear drop cells on film, diagnosis:

Answer 14

Myelofibrosis

Question 15

Anaemia with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, treatment:

Answer 15

1 mg cyanocobalamin IM injections three times a week, treat B12 deficiency first to avoid subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord

Question 16

Hypercalcaemia, renal impairment, anaemia, bleeding, bone pain (back), infections, rouleaux formation on film, diagnosis:

Answer 16

Multiple Myeloma

Question 17

Unprovoked venous thromboembolism and family history, most common cause:

Answer 17

Factor V Leiden (Activated protein C resistance)

Question 18

Causes of massive splenomegaly

Answer 18

myelofibrosis
chronic myeloid leukaemia
visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
malaria
Gaucher’s syndrome

Question 19

Blood results in sickle cell disease:

Answer 19

Low haemoglobin; normal MCV; and raised reticulocytes