Haematology Flashcards
Transfusion of PRBCs can significantly alter which electrolytes:
Hyperkalaemia
Lymphoma or leukemia patient that started chemotherapy now has AKI, hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcaemia, diagnosis and management:
Tumout lysis syndrome. Allopurinol or rasburicase
Cough, dyspnoea, fever, pulmonary infiltrates on CXR, history of anaemia, jaundice, and severe pain when cold, diagnosis:
Sickle cell disease with acute chest syndrome
Patient taking COCP is due for a surgery, advice:
Stop taking COCP 4 weeks before surgeries.
Cryoprecipitate contents and indications:
Factor VIII, XIII, fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. Indications include massive haemorrhage and uncontrolled bleeding due to haemophilia
Hodgkin’s lymphoma: signs of poor prognosis:
B-symptoms, increasing age, male sex, stage IV disease and lymphocyte depleted subtype
Reversal agent for dabigatran:
Idarucizumab
Beta thalassaemia major treatment:
Transfusions and iron chelation with desferrioxamine
The transfusion threshold for patients with ACS is:
80 g/L
Philadelphia chromosome, leukocytosis, basophilia, eosinophilia, thromocytopenia, anaemia, no blast cells, diagnosis and treatment:
Chronic myeloid leukaemia, imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
Haemarthroses, haematoma, prolonged APTT:
Haemophilia B
Acute haemolytic reaction during transfusion symptoms:
Fever, abdominal pain, hypotension
Common causes of abdominal pain in hereditary spherocytosis:
Gallstones, splenomegaly
Elder with anaemia, massive splenomegaly, weight loss, night sweats, tear drop cells on film, diagnosis:
Myelofibrosis
Anaemia with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, treatment:
1 mg cyanocobalamin IM injections three times a week, treat B12 deficiency first to avoid subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
Hypercalcaemia, renal impairment, anaemia, bleeding, bone pain (back), infections, rouleaux formation on film, diagnosis:
Multiple Myeloma
Unprovoked venous thromboembolism and family history, most common cause:
Factor V Leiden (Activated protein C resistance)
Causes of massive splenomegaly
myelofibrosis
chronic myeloid leukaemia
visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
malaria
Gaucher’s syndrome
Blood results in sickle cell disease:
Low haemoglobin; normal MCV; and raised reticulocytes
Female, recurrent DVTs, prolonged APTT, low platelets
Antiphospholipid syndrome, paradoxical prolonged APTT
Highest risk of bacterial contamination in blood products:
Platelets
Treatment for polycythemia vera:
Asymptomatic: venesection.
Symptomatic: immunossupression.
