Cardiology Flashcards
Antibiotics that can cause torsades des pointes?
Macrolides: Clarythromycin
Side effects of GTN?
Hypotension, (reflex) tachycardia, headaches.
First-line treatment for regular broad complex tachycardias without adverse features:
IV amiodarone
2 meds for orthostatic hypotension:
Fludrocortisone and midodrine
Early diastolic murmur, 2nd right intercostal space, wide pulse pressure, head bobbing, collapsing pulse, hyperdinamic apex:
Aortic regurgitation
Management for heart failure on patient with optimal medical therapy, low EF and wide WRS > 120 ms:
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy
Monitoring of patients taking amiodarone prior to and every 6 months:
Prior to: TFT, LFT, U&E, CXR (pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis).
6 months: TFT, LFT
Treatment for aortic stenosis in a fit >65 years old?
Bioprosthetic valve replacement, does not need long-term anticoagulation, better hemodynamic properties and lower risk of thromboembolic complication.
Treatment for aortic stenosis in a fit young person?
Mechanical valve replacement, lasts longer but requires long-term anticoagulation
2 beta-blockers that reduce mortality in heart failure?
Bisoprolol and carvedilol
First and second-line meds for heart failure with reduced EF?
ACEIs + BB.
2nd: aldosterone antagonist: spironolactone or eplerenone
Thiazide diuretics electrolyte side effects:
hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia
Statins contraindications:
Macrolides, pregnancy
Treatment for chronic heart failure + atrial fibrillation:
Digoxin
Stable AF treatment if <48 h:
Rate or rhytm control
Stable AF treatment if >48 h:
First rate control, then anticoagulate for 3 weeks, then electrical cardioversion, then anticoagulation for 4 weeks at least.
ACS anti-platelet therapy:
Aspirin + ticagrelor/prasugrel. Stop 2nd anti-platelet after 12 months.
Strong suspicion of PE but a delay in the scan:
Treatment dose DOACs
Acute pulmonary oedema and hypotension after postero-inferior MI, early-mid-pan systolic murmur?
Acute mitral regurgitation
Infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users most commonly affects which valve?
Tricuspid
First-line for reducing stroke risk?
DOACs
Most common cause of death following a MI
Cardiac arrest due to VF
When to stop ACEIs regarding renal function?
Cr increase 30% or eGFR decrease 25%
Drug contraindicated in VT, HF and with BB:
Verapamil, can cause cardiac arrest
MI secondary prevention:
TABAS: Ticagrelor, ACEI, BB, Aspirin, Statins
Drugs that have shown to reduce mortality in patients with left ventricular failure:
ACEIs/ARBs, BBs, Aldosterone antagonists, hydralazine and nitrates
Persistent ST elevation, with tiredness and breathlessness after MI:
Left ventricular aneurysm
Diastolic murmur loudest over the apex, may cause AF:
Mitral stenosis
Bradycardia/heart block after MI, area of myocardium and branch most likely to be affected?
Inferior, right coronary (supplies AV node)
Antibiotic to avoid in long QT syndrome?
Erythromycin
First-line anti-anginal for stable angina
BB or CCB (verapamil or diltiazem as monotherapy, amlodipine or nifedipine with BBs)
ECG features of LBBB:
Downward QRS in V1. LBBB is always pathological, when there are symptoms of MI it may be anterior MI
Features of venous ulcer and treatment:
Superior to medial malleolus and hyperpigmentation, compression bandaging
When to offer anti hipertensive drugs for diabetic patients?
Clinic blood pressure over 140/90mmHg, or an average home reading over 135/85mmHg
Tx for peripheral arterial disease:
Clopidogrel and atorvastatin
Anti-hypertensive med that can cause angioedema?
ACEIs
Early diastolic murmur loudest when leaning forward or on expiration, signs like pulsating nailbed and carotid pulsation and hyperdinamic apex:
Aortic regurgitation
