Pack C Questions Flashcards
Please explain company basic policy
Policies for High Quality Operations:
- Ensure safety
- Achieve max efficiency
- Maintain schedule
- Passenger comfort
- Conduct flight based on policy above
- Any disagreement, use safer option
- If either think the flight is unsuitable, DON’T GO!
- Captain has final responsibility for safety
- Dispatcher supports captain using personnel, equipment & authorities so that flights are safe & efficient
- Do not fly if crew members are unfit for duty
Explain Go-mindedness
- Except for the occurrence of a problem or hindrance, where there is a serious doubt that the airplane can fly safely, it is safer to continue the take-off than to reject it from a point near V1
Points to note:
- Decision is left to the Captain’s best judgement
- Engine failure with thrust loss, or a take-off warning that would render the airplane unflyable prior to V1: reject takeoff
- Over EGT or engine fire without thrust loss near V1: continue takeoff
- Malfunctions such as tyre or anti-skid failure can hinder braking performance during an RTO
Explain stabilised approach
Benefits:
- Enhance situational awareness through monitoring
- Avoid configuration changes providing more time to respond to ATC, weather changes and system operation
- Assists in making go-around / missed approach decision
- Provides margin for landing performance by ensuring correct touchdown speed & point Stabilised by 1,000’ AFE with Landing Checklist completed
- 1,000’ not mandatory, but should be stabilised asap
Lost communication procedure
- Continue the climb to the assigned altitude or MEA, whichever is higher
- In a radar environment: 7 mins after 7600 set, OR 7 minutes at MEA, continue climb to the filed cruising altitude
- Non-radar environment: After passing a reporting point which cannot be reported, wait 20 mins then climb to the filed altitude
Lost communication procedure NRT?
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Why should you keep the VORs in Auto?
- FMC tunes VORs and DMEs for position updating
- Can only be in auto when HSI in MAP or PLAN mode
In flight, can you change cost index? What is the range?
- ANA range: 20 - 200 (20 40 73 110 150 200)
- B767 range: 0 - 999, but do not use
Seven scenarios for emergency landing? Any other scenarios?
- Engine Failure / Fire
- Smoke / Fire / Fumes in cabin
- One hydraulic system remaining
- One AC power source remaining
- Altimeter problem (contact ATC immediately for instructions)
- NNC contains “Plan to land at the nearest suitable airport”
- Any other situations where continued flight safety affected
How many memory item checklists?
- 8
Can you explain all eight memory item checklists?
??
Warning letter to passengers: who issues warning? Who signs letter?
- Chief Purser issues letter, signed by the captain
- Not mandatory if it may make the situation worse
Three types of passenger behavior?
- Category 1, 2 and 3 behavior
Category 1 passenger behavior?
- Current laws (e.g. criminal law) Hijacking / damaging aircraft
- Violence against crew/passengers
- Damage to property
- Leads to Warning, Restraint, Police, etc
Category 2 passenger behavior?
- Aviation Law (73-4)
- Tampering with exit or emergency doors
- Smoking in lavatory
- Disturbing crew from duties
- Using electrical device (e.g. phone)
- Not wearing seatbelt when ordered
- Not positioning seat back / table / footrest
- Leaving baggage in aisle
- Operating, moving or damaging emergency equipment
- Leads to prohibition order
Category 3 passenger behavior?
- Aviation Law, but not to be punished
- Smoking in non-smoking area except lavatory
- Shouting or making unreasonable noise
- Leads to warning
Prohibition order? Who issues it and when?
- If the passenger’s behaviour corresponds to “Behaviours subject to prohibition order” (Category 2)
- Passenger continues behaviour after explanation from cabin attendant
- Captain orders chief purser to issue prohibition order
Please explain three phases of Search and Rescue
- Uncertainty phase
- Alert phase
- Distress phase
Where is SAR control centre?
- Haneda Airport
Please explain TCAS RA. What phraseology is used?
- Follow RA immediately (unless unsafe)
- Stall warnings, alerts and GPWS have priority over RA
- Visual traffic may not be the one causing RA
- RA takes priority over ATC
- Do not move opposite to RA
- As soon as possible, notify the appropriate ATC unit of any RA as follows:
- “TCAS RA”
- “CLEAR OF CONFLICT, RETURNING TO (assigned clearance)”
- “CLEAR OF CONFLICT, (assigned clearance) RESUMED”
- If unable to comply with ATC instruction “UNABLE, TCAS RA”
- File a report post-flight!
Please explain CMV
- Converted Meteorological Visibility
- Substitute for RVR when RVR not available
- Calculated by factoring reported met. vis.
- Depends on daytime or nighttime
- Can be used for straight in NPA or CAT I ONLY
Cannot be used:
- Takeoff
- CAT II/III
- Circling
- Alternate airport
Minimum: Cat I: 800m NPA: 1200 - 2000m. See table
Weather / terrain issues at NRT
- Seasonal weather
- Fuji / mountain waves
Signs of volcanic ash in IMC?
- Considerations
- Checklist (180° turn, reduce power etc.)
What action should you take if you encounter volcanic ash on short final?
- Don’t use wipers
- Consider go-around if you lose visibility
Explain the volcanic ash checklist
- QRH
Explain the derated thrust settings
- TO1: max thrust derate 95% (300), 90% (ER)
- TO2: max thrust derate 85% (300), 80% (ER)
ABV 10,000ft Derated thrust gradually changes to reach full CLB thrust by:
- (300) 12,000ft. The 1 or 2 annunciation disappears from the display by 12,500ft
- (300ER,F) 30,000ft. The 1 annunciation disappears by 30,500ft The 2 annunciation remains until either flaps are extended or GA
Explain takeoff segments. Requirements for 2 engine aircraft?
- Explain
Why do you need to make accurate Standard Callouts?
- AOR
Please explain cruise settings (Econ, MRC, LRC)
- ??
How do you handle blind passengers?
Requirements:
- 1 attendant can escort max 2 blind people
- 1 blind person can travel with max. 1 guide dog (treated as 1 attendant)
- Seat assignment not in an exit row
- Attendant (including dog) assigned to the adjacent seat
- First to board, last to deplane
- Limit on max. blind people: No limit at all to/from US
- Otherwise, only limited by passenger handling capacity if no attendants on board
What is a flight deck observer weight? Always 170 lbs?
- Weight: 170 lbs
- Index: -1
- It may be rounded to nearest 100
In CTZ: speed restriction?
- Greater than 3,000 = 250 kts
- 3,000 or less = 200 kts (piston 160)
How do you check NOTAMS?
- If Route Manual is up-to-date, NOTAMS attached to FPL are OK
- If non-standard airport, need to use AIP
Integrated Aeronautical Information Package contents
- AIP (Publication) - In accordance with ICAO annex 15 - Information of lasting character essential to air navigation - AIRAC cycle 28 days
- AIP Amendments (pink: permanent changes)
- AIP Supplements (yellow: > 3 month temporary)
- NOTAMs & PIB (pre-flight information bulletin) Airport type Route type Area type Flight plan type
- AIC (aeronautical information circular)
- Checklists
- Summaries
All passengers on board with the door still open. If there is a cabin fire, who is responsible?
- Responsibility shared between captain and handling agent
- However, evacuation must be ordered by captain
When you arrive at the aircraft, how much fuel do you need to have?
- The Captain shall confirm the the FOB approved in company clearance has been loaded
What is the required fuel?
Air Law (MINIMUM):
- Burn-off
- Contingency (min. 5% BOF or 15 mins holding)
- Alternate
- Reserve (30 mins holding in ISA)
Company As above, plus:
- Taxi
- PCF
- Extra
- May use some fuel prior to block-out, but must have at least minimum fuel at block-out
Explain minimum fuel. Can you get priority?
- Minimum fuel reported to ATC when little or no delay can be accepted
- Not an emergency nor priority request
- Report “MINIMUM FUEL”
To get priority in fuel emergency, what do you say?
- “MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY FUEL”
- When estimated landing fuel < 30 mins holding
How do you apply the MEL?
- Maintains an acceptable level of safety when equipment/systems inop
- Applied in cases where repair/replacement can’t be made in time e.g. lack of spare parts, facilities, personnel or time
- Only applied before Block Out (may need to use EICAS Cross-Ref)
- Final decision for accepting MEL is by PIC
- A = As specified
- B = 3 days (72 hours)
- C = 10 days
- All excluding the day the malfunction discovered
Where is ANA touchdown zone & aiming point?
- Touchdown = 750 - 2000 ft
- Aiming point = 1250 ft
Definitions for fuel?
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Today’s weight is 280,000lbs. What is the takeoff/landing distance? What is the maximum / optimum altitude?
- Take-off (F5, D2, 25oC, 0ft) 5,900’
- Landing (F30, Dry, with anti-skid) 4,900’
- Optimum altitude (ECON cruise) 37,300’ / FL370
- Maximum altitude 1.3G = 41,100’ 1.5G = 37,900’ ISA + 10o = 42,300’ So FL410
What is the aerodynamic advantage of optimum altitude?
- Optimum altitude: best fuel mileage for a given airspeed and weight
- Max. altitude: altitude at which planned cruising airspeed is obtainable with thrust at MCRT with 0fpm residual climb capacity
- So optimum is best efficient level for burn off fuel and gives some margins for turbulence & TCAS RA
Why not fly at maximum altitude?
- Can’t do TCAS climb
- No buffet margin
- Less fuel efficient
Captain’s responsibilities and duties
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Definition of typhoon. Which area to avoid?
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Explain alternate weather minima (company).
Also learn Air Law minima for route flying
When do you need a second alternate?
If destination weather forecast to be below minimums intermittently at ETA:
- Need 2 alternates
- Unless alternate is more than 1,500ft CIG and 5,000m VIS at the ETA over the alternate
Explain TEMPO in a weather report
- Temporary changes in the weather
- Each change 30-60 mins
- Does not cover more than half of the total period
SDE2FGHILORVWX/P on flight plan?
- S = Standard equipment (VHF, VOR, ILS)
- D = DME
- E2 = ACARS
- F = ADF
- G = GNSS
- H = HF
- I = IRS
- L = ILS
- O = VOR
- R = PBN (RNAV)
- V = VHF
- W = RVSM
- X = MNPS
- /P = ModeS
PBN/A1B1C1D1L1O1S1 on flight plan?
- Performance-based navigation (RNAV)
- A1 = RNAV (RNP) 10
- B1 = RNAV 5
- C1 = RNAV 2
- D1 = RNAV 1
- L1 = RNP4
- O1 = Basic RNP1
- S1 = RNAV Approach
What is DRM? Explain the difference between DRM and company clearance
- Dispatch Release Message: provided by flight dispatcher includes Operational Flight Plan approved by the flight dispatcher
- Company Clearance: when the captain and the flight dispatcher approve the operational flight plan the DRM becomes the company clearance
Which RNAV will be used today? SID? Oceanic?
- SID/STAR: RNAV 1
- Enroute: RNAV 5
- Oceanic: RNAV 10 / RNP 4
Required equipment on board RNAV
RNAV 1/2:
- DME, GPS, IRS, FMS
RNAV 5:
- DME, GPS, IRS, FMS, VOR
RNAV 10:
- 2 x IRS, GPS, FMS (1 or 2?) If no GPS, limit 09:33
Required equipment on board RVSM
- 2 independent altitude measuring systems
- 1 automatic altitude control system
- 1 altitude alert system
- 1 SSR altitude reporting transponder
Required equipment on board CAT1
- 1 ILS Receiver
- 1 Marker Receiver (if approach includes marker beacon)
- FD or AP with APP mode (for RVR <1200m)
What is the tolerance of RVSM equipment? Altitude of overshoot?
- On ground: Primary altimeter / field elevation diff: 75’
- 2 primary altimeters difference: 40’
- In flight: 2 primary altimeters difference: 200’ (check every hour)
- Overshoot / undershoot reported if deviation >150’
- Deviation by 300’ reported once established
Explain Critical DME & DME Gap
Critical DME:
- A DME facility that, when unavailable, results in a navigational service which is insufficient for DME/DME or DME/DME/IRU based operations along a specific route or procedure
DME Gap:
- A section of route that does not receive the combination of DME signals that satisfy specific navigation accuracy
- When Critical DME is unservicable resulting in DME gap of >14nm RNAV 1/2 is prohibited. Vectors should be requested from ATC
Designation purpose of approach ban, and locations. How can you check?
- Definition: The regulation of forbidding to continue approach beyond a specific point unless the reported weather condition is above the specified Company Minima
- It is established, additionally to the regulations regarding PIC’s decision to continue at DA/MDA, to enhance the sureness of the landing and reduce unnecessary maneuver at low altitude
- Some states don’t have Approach Ban; however Company does
- In Japan: FAF Outer Marker 1,000’ AFE
- Otherwise: If published in state’s AIP, it will be in Route Manual
- Otherwise 1,000’
Explain Trans-Cockpit Gradient (TAG)
- Shows the relative power relationship between crewmembers in the cockpit
- Crew acts accordingly in recognition of the relationship
- The gradient between the Captain and Copilot should be neither too STEEP, nor too FLAT
- Appropriate TAG results in free communication among crew while Captain can still exercise necessary authority
What are the three levels of assertion?
- Inquire
- Advocate
- Assert
Explain Doppler LIDAR
- Like Doppler Radar, using Laser transmission and return echo intensity measurement to detect windshear, turbulence, and microbursts
- Used in RJAA (NRT) and RJTT (HND)
- Difference between Radar and Lidar: Lidar CAN issue WS alerts without precipitation present. Radar CANNOT.
What is the dynamic aquaplaning speed?
Three types:
Dynamic hydroplaning:
- Hydroplaning speed Vp = 9 √ P Tyre pressure ≈ 160psi, so Vp = 114kts
- Continues until speed less than 85% Vp (97kts)
Viscous hydroplaning:
- Thin water film prevents tyre contact with runway
Rubber reversion:
- Tire melts, and water vapour from friction heat lifts tyre off runway
When do you need to switch to transponder 2?
- When using right autopilot
In climb, ADC failure occurs. What are the considerations?
- RVSM is FL290-410
- Transfer control if necessary
- Select ADC alternate on source selector panel
- Once indications return to normal, advise ATC “unable RVSM due equipment.”
- Negotiate an RVSM altitude, if possible
- If lower altitude is expected, contact ANA for updated fuel figures
Windshear on takeoff near/after V1. What actions do you take?
- May not be sufficient runway to stop
- Rotate normally within last 2,000’, even if airspeed low
- Set maximum thrust
- 3,000’ Centreline lights alternate red/white
- 2,000’ Edge lights turn yellow
- First (double) touchdown zone marking before aiming point at far end
- 1,000’ Centreline lights turn red
Describe the three types of takeoff. What are the advantages/disadvantages?
Normal:
- Effective for maintaining directional control
- Best for slippery runways
Rolling:
- Recommended for strong crosswind (greater than 20kts) and tailwind (greater than 10kts) to prevent engine surging
- Shortens T/O time but increases T/O distance by approx. 150’
- Makes directional control more difficult
Static:
- Less TODR and good directional control
- In slippery conditions, a/c may slip and move even with full brakes on
- Increased chance of FOD
- Very noisy Passenger discomfort
Explain rainy seasons in Japan
- There are 2 rainy seasons in Japan
- The “Bai-u,” (early May through later June, early July) Bai-u front / Bai-u frontal zone
- A stationary front runs along the southern coast forming a frontal zone
- Largest rainfall in SW Japan
- The “Shurin,” or “Akisame” (autumn rain), after the summer
- Shurin (Akisame) front / Shurin frontal zone
- Largest rainfall in E Japan
- Shurin season is also the typhoon season
- Very humid air flow and spiral rain bands, which lie around a typhoon over the southern ocean, are joined to the Shurin frontal system
Wake turbulence separation:
Size:
- 1 wingspan high, 2 wingspans wide
Strongest:
- With heavy aircraft, clean, low speed
Duration:
- 2-3 mins (shorter with turbulence)
Effects:
- Rolling moment, gust load, up/down drafts
Characteristics:
- Sink rate 400-500 fpm
- Stopping 900 ft below flight path
- Lateral movement ≈ 3 kts
- Vortices stay in calm wind - use caution
Operational recommendations:
- Stay above flightpath of preceding aircraft
- Use caution landing on same runway with a light quartering tailwind
- Use caution landing behind heavy on parallel runway (< 2,500’ apart)
- Takeoff / landing: 2 min separation behind heavy on a missed approach
- Note the rotation / touchdown point of preceding aircraft
What is the required paperwork on board? If the pouch seal broken, what actions would you take?
Required by law: (RARE JAL OPS RAM)
- Registration certificate
- Airworthiness certificate
- Radio Station Licence (and Aircraft Earth Station Licence if SATCOM)
- Emergency Documents
- Aircraft Logbook (Journey Log & Radio Log)
- AOC Original Transcript (Air Operator Certificate True Transcript if international)
- Operational Limitations
- Operations Manual
- Operations Policy Manual
- Operations Specifications
- Route Manual & Charts
- AOM/QRH (Flight Manual)
- MEL/CDL
Required by other countries/authorities:
- Civil Aircraft Landing Permit (USAF only - in Route Manual)
- Dangerous Goods (US only)
- Noise documents
Required by Company:
- AOC copy
- FPDM
- Normal Checklist
- Landing performance chart
- Handy Speed Book
If the seal is broken on the Certification Holder (pouch): Captain checks each document and reports to ANA maintenance If none missing, may fly. If some are lost, report to Flight Ops & Ground personnel
TAF validity period?
- 30 hours
Dispatch comments? How many conditions?
- Condition A
- Condition B
- One of these is bad
Explain the procedure for passenger seat zone changes before departure
- Max 3 FWD AND 3 AFT (Total 6)
- If more than this: On ground: Notify load controller
- Recalculate W&B
- After departure: Max seat changes displayed on ACARS loadsheet
- Captain approves/disapproves
If the copilot calls “Go Around”, what should you do?
- Go around, in the interests of safety
Holding speeds
Jet maximum holding speeds: Altitude over Navaid / DME fix ≤ 6,000 ft: 210 / 200 kts ≤ 14,000 ft: 220 / 230 kts > 14,000 ft: 240 / 265 kts Turbulence: 280 kts / M 0.8 (whichever lower)
What is pitch angle on touchdown with 10kt tailwind?
0° Be careful with nose gear
What is the time of useful consciousness at FLxxx?
FL250: 3- 6mins FL300: 1- 3mins FL 350: 30 - 60 secs FL 400: 15 - 20 secs
What happens in the cockpit if FWD cargo hold depressurises?
Cockpit also depressurises, and temperature drops to outside temp! Rapid descent is key to survival
Difference between F20 & F30 landing
F20 has less drag, so increased landing distance Also floats more, which could further increase distance
How does CG move with fuel burn?
- While on Centre tank fuel: AFT
- Wing tanks (80,000 lbs remaining): FWD
- When wing tanks ≈ half (47,000 remaining): AFT
What are the operational and working limits of the CG?
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