P5 PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

examples of topical NSAIDs

Answer 1

methyl saIicyIate cream
DiethyIamine saIicyIate (LIoyd’s cream)
DicIofenac cream
Topical capsaicin

Question 2

Examples of intra-articular glucocorticoid injections

Answer 2

TriamcinoIone acetonide
MethyIprednisoIone acetate

Question 3

Maximum dose of paracetamol

Answer 3

4 gm/day

Question 4

OD of paracetamol can cause

Answer 4

acute liver failure

Question 5

MOAs of oral NSAIDs

Answer 5

• non selective COX-1 & COX2 inhibitors
• selective COX2 inhibitors

Question 6

common example of opioid analgesic

Answer 6

tramadol

Question 7

oral NSAIDs should be co-prescribed with

Answer 7

PPIs / H2 receptor inhibitor

Question 8

reactive intermediate in paracetamol metabolism that in OD can lead to liver failure

Answer 8

NAPQI=N-acetyIe-para-benzoquinone imine

Question 9

LEVELS of arachidonic acid & peroxidase in broken cells

Answer 9

both high

Question 10

LEVELS of arachidonic acid & peroxidase in normal intact cells

Answer 10

both low

Question 11

Intermediate in acetaminophen metabolism that crosses BBB

Answer 11

p-aminophenol

Question 12

Mechanism in which AM404 activates CB1 receptors

Answer 12

by inhibition of anandamide re-uptake

Question 13

CB1 & TRPV1 are involved in transmission and modulation of

Answer 13

pain

Question 14

PH levels in inflammation

Answer 14

high Ph

Question 15

strongly recommended intervention for knee & hip osteoarthritis

Answer 15

intra-articular glucocorticoid injection

Question 16

indications for IAGC use

Answer 16

• Severely inflamed large monoarthritis
• unresponsive to NSAIDs
• intolerance to NSAIDs

Question 17

Glucocorticoids Preparations

Answer 17

1- non-ester preparations
2- ester preparations

Question 18

enzyme that is needed to hydrolase ester preparations

Answer 18

Cellular esterases

Question 19

Examples of steroid injections

Answer 19

• methylprednisolone acetate
• dexamethasone acetate
  -dexamethasone sodium

Question 19

adverse effects of IACG

Answer 19

Infection
capsular calcification
tendon rupture
cutaneous atrophy
post injection flare
Osteonecrosis

Question 19

Absolute contraindication for corticosteroid injections

Answer 19

• local / intra-articular sepsis
• bacteremia
• intra-articular fracture
• joint instability

Question 20

factors affecting systemic absorption of anaesthetic

Answer 20

• dosage
• vasodilating properties
• presence of vasoconstrictor agent
• nature of administration site
• drug-tissue binding

Question 21

Vasoconstrictor agents

Answer 21

adrenaIine
NoradrenaIine
FeIypressin

Question 22

vasodilating agents that has the highest vasodilating properties

Answer 22

bupivacaine
etidocaine

Question 23

advantages of vasoconstrictor agents while administrating anaesthesia

Answer 23

- Prolong & increase the depth of anaesthesia - reduce or Limit the systematic toxicity -render the area of injection Iess hemorrhagic

Question 24

Mechanism in which vasoconstrictors reduce the systemic toxicity

Answer 24

by delaying its absorption into generaI circulation

Question 25

order of loss of sensation in anaesthesia

Answer 25

pain Temperature touch Pressure

Question 26

order of nerve block

Answer 26

-SmaII myeIinated fibers -SmaII unmyeIinated fibers Large myeIinated fibers Large unmyeIinated fibers

Question 27

biotransformation of amino esters is done by

Answer 27

plasma pseudocholinesterase

Question 28

amino esters Systemic Toxicity is more likely to occur in

Answer 28

Individuals with genetically determined pseudochoIinesterase deficiency

Question 29

amino esters hypersensitivity reactions are more likely due to formation of

Answer 29

PABA = para-aminobenzoic acid

Question 30

biotransformation of amino amides is done by

Answer 30

Iiver (Cytochrome P 450)

Question 31

amino amides Systemic Toxicity is more likely to occur in

Answer 31

individuaIs with hepatic diseases, reduction in hepatic bIood fIow (due to heart faiIure, β-bIockers), hepatic enzyme inhibitors