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UNIT 7 MSK > P4 PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

P4 PATHOLOGY Flashcards

pathology of osteonecrosis & osteoporosis

1
Q

death of bone & BM due to interference of blood supply & absence of infection is known as

A

Aseptic / avascular bone necrosis

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2
Q

mention at least 4 causes of osteonecrosis

A

1- emboli
2- systemic diseases
3- radiation
4- trauma
5- corticosteroids
6- idiopathic factors
7- specific focal bone necrosis
8- thrombosis

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3
Q

mention the 2 types of specific focal bone necrosis

A
  • legg-calve-perthes disease
  • Kohler disease
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4
Q

Necrosis of navicular bone is seen in which disease

A

Kohler disease

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5
Q

legg-calve-perthes disease location

A

femoral head

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6
Q

legg-calve-perthes disease age group

A

children

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7
Q

type of detachment seen in the shown coronal section of femoral head

A

partial detachment

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8
Q

type of detachment seen in the shown coronal section of femoral head

A

Complete detachment

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9
Q

in shown histology of femoral head
Describe what is seen

A

normal mature trabeculae of cancellous bone evenly distributed osteocytes

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10
Q

in shown histology of femoral head
Describe what is seen

A

Necrotic bone with empty lacunae & necrotic BM spaces showing dystrophic calcification

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11
Q

healing of necrotic cortical bone by

A

cutting cones / needles

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12
Q

healing of necrotic cancellous bone is by

A

creeping substitution

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13
Q

a metabolic bone disease characterised by diffuse lesions with reduced mineralised bone mass is known as

A

Osteoporosis

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14
Q

Osteoporosis mostly are seen at ( location )

A

Cancellous bones of vertebrae , ribs . Pelvis , end of long bones

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15
Q

balance of activity of osteoblasts , osteocytes & osteoclasts is known as

A

Remodelling

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16
Q

accretion , deposition , bone formation , osteoblastic bone lesions are all activities of

A

osteoblasts

17
Q

resorption , rarefaction , osteopenia , bone removal , bone loss & lytic lesions are all activities of

A

osteoclasts

18
Q

gross pictures of osteoporosis case
Describe what is seen

A
  • changes in size , shape , architecture of vertebral bodies
  • biconcave deformity
    -protrusion / herniation of IVD into vertebrae
  • fracture collapse
  • micro-architectural deterioration
19
Q

State whether the shown gross image is normal / abnormal vertebral body

A

normal

20
Q

gross pictures of osteoporosis case
Describe what is seen

A
  • shorten vertebra due to multiple compression fractures
    -biconcave deformity
  • loss of horizontal trabeculae
  • thickened vertical trabeculae
21
Q

Showing vertebral osteoporosis
Describe what is seen

A

Thinning of trabeculae & loss of intertrabecular connections on bone

22
Q

in the shown histology of osteoporosis case
Describe what is seen

A
  • lamellar bone trabeculae reduced in size & thickness
  • loss of interconnection
23
Q

Physiological osteoporosis is seen in

A

senile patients
post menopausal ladies

24
Q

type of fractures seen in pathological osteoporosis

A
  • vertebral crush / compression fracture
  • distal radius ( colle’s )
  • femur - neck fracture
  • neck of humerus
25
Q

type 1 osteoporosis ( post menopausal ) is due to

A

Increased activity of osteoclasts due to decreased oestrogen

26
Q

age group of type 2 primary (senile ) osteoporosis

A

above the age of 70

27
Q

most common cause of 2ndry osteoporosis

A

Corticosteroids

28
Q

effect of corticosteroids on osteoblastic activity

A

Inhibit their activity

29
Q

Effect of hyperparathyroidism on osteoclast activity

A

Increase their activity > secondary osteoporosis

30
Q

Effect of hyperthyroidism on osteoclast activity

A

Increase osteoblastic activity > increased bone turnover

31
Q

Genetic syndrome seen in males leading to 2ndry osteoporosis

A

klienfelter syndrome

32
Q

Genetic syndrome seen in females leading to 2ndry osteoporosis

A

Turner syndrome

33
Q

cancers of thyroid , GIT , kidney & neuroblastomas produce lytic lesions by stimulating what cells

A

osteoclasts

34
Q

cancers of prostate , stomach , breast & lungs causes bone Formation by stimulating what cells

A

Osteoblasts

35
Q

small cell carcinoma of the lung causing secondary osteoporosis is seen in what syndrome

A

paraneoplastic syndrome

36
Q

Direct inhibitor of osteoblasts & calcium absorption

A

alcohol

UNIT 7 MSK (23 decks)

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