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UNIT 7 MSK > P1 PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

P1 PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

Skeletal muscle contraction

1
Q

functions of the skeletal muscles

A
  • production of heat
  • Stabilising body’s posture
  • movements
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2
Q

the process of activation of the skeletal muscles cross bridge cycle is known as

A

excitation- contraction coupling

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3
Q

Calcium channel receptor formed by scaropalsmic reticulum protein

A

ryanodine

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4
Q

type of muscle contraction

A
  • isometric
  • isotonic
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5
Q

Type of Muscle Contraction in which the muscle does not change in length

A

isometric

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6
Q

Importance of isometric contraction

A
  • Maintaining posture
  • Supporting objects in a fixed place
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7
Q

Type of Muscle Contraction in which the muscle does change in length

A

Isotonic

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8
Q

Importance of isotonic contraction

A

Body movements
Moving external objects

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9
Q

2 subtypes of isotonic contraction

A

Concentric & eccentric

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10
Q

which sub type if isotonic is used for balance of body

A

Eccentric

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11
Q

subtype of isotonic in which the muscle lengthens as the resistance becomes greater

A

Eccentric

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12
Q

subtype of isotonic in which the muscle shortens

A

concentric

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13
Q

give example of a concentric muscle

A

biceps brachii

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14
Q

Importance of muscle tone

A
  • stability of joint
  • maintain posture
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15
Q

name the phase during which excitation and contraction are being coupled but contraction has yet to occur.

A

latent phase

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16
Q

name this contraction / twitch & its importance

A

Soleus muscle: slow contraction for continual, long-term support of the body against gravity

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17
Q

An α motor neuron and the extrafusal muscle fibers it innervates is known as

A

motor unit

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18
Q

small muscle neurons are seen in

A

extraocular muscles
fingers

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19
Q

large MNs are seen in

A

thighs & back muscles

20
Q

mention 2 factors that enables the muscle to accomplish gradation

A

1-The frequency of action potentials (nerve impulses)
2- the number of motor neurons transmitting the action potentials

21
Q

very rapid sequence of stimuli: no relaxation is known as

A

Tetanus

22
Q

tension required to extend a resting muscle is known as

A

passive tension

23
Q

in the load- velocity relationship ,
as the load increases it will result in

A

1- longer latent period
2- shorter duration of twitch
3- shorter distance of shortening
4- slower velocity of shortening

24
Q

Direct phosphorylation pathway is for what activities

A

short bursts of high intensity activities

25
Q

in Direct phosphorylation pathway
the phosphate donor is

A

creatine phosphate

26
Q

Direct phosphorylation produces how many ATPs

A

1 ATP / CP

27
Q

Anaerobic pathway is for what activities

A

high intensity short-duration exercises

28
Q

energy source in Anaerobic pathway

A

Glucose

29
Q

Products of Anaerobic pathway

A

2 ATPs / glucose & lactic acid

30
Q

Disadvantages of Anaerobic pathway

A

less ATP & leads to lactic acidosis

31
Q

which pathway is a very slow one but produces the highest amounts of ATP

A

aerobic pathway

32
Q

how many ATPs are produced in aerobic pathway

A

32 ATPs

33
Q

the 2 main differences between the types of muscle fibres

A

1- speed of contraction
2- ATP synthesising ability

34
Q

mention the 3 types of muscle fibres

A
  • slow oxidative
  • fast oxidative
  • fast glycolytic
35
Q

Oxidative fibers Uses which pathways

A

Aerobic pathway

36
Q
  • fast glycolytic uses which pathway
A

Anaerobic pathway

37
Q

name the principle that explains MU recruitment

A

Henneman’s size principle

38
Q

what type of muscle fibers are first stimulated

A

slow oxidative

39
Q

what type of muscle fibers are stimulated after slow oxidative fibers in case of additional tension

A

fast oxidative fibers

40
Q

what type of muscle fibers are finally stimulated

A

fast glycolytic fibers

41
Q

Changes in muscle fiber diameter is seen in

A

Weight lifting exercises
Anaerobic short duration high intensity exercises

42
Q

Changes in ATP-synthesizing capacity is seen in

A

aerobic exercises

43
Q

in weightlifting as an example ,
the 2 muscle changes are

A

1- increase in muscle size . Hypertrophy
2- increase in number of muscle fibers / hyperplasia

44
Q

a decline in the ability of the muscle to sustain the strength of contraction is known as

A

Muscle fatigue

45
Q

mention at least 3 causes of muscle fatigue

A

1- rapid build-up of lactic acid
2- Decrease in oxygen supply
3- Decrease in energy supply
4-Conduction failure
5-Buildup of ADP and Pi
6- Decreased neurotransmitter at the synapse
7- Psychological factors

UNIT 7 MSK (23 decks)

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