P2-Urban challenges Flashcards
What is urbanisation ?
The increasing percentage of people living in towns or citires .
What is the cuase of urbanisation in HICS ?
-Tows in HICS became urbanised during the 18th and 19th cenntury .
-As people migrated from rural areas due to mechanisation in farming and availability of employment in the new area .
-The inner city was also developed - terrace housing for poeple who worked there . aND THEREFORE WILL LHAVE LESS URBANISATION IN FUTURE ,A S EVEYRTHING HAS ALREADY HAPPENED .
How is the UK in terms of urbanisation ?
-Alrhtough the UK is an urban society , more and more pople want ot live want to live in the country side - this is knonwn as COUNTER URBANISATION
(Less noise /air pollution
-bigger /cheaper hosues ).
What is one ONE cause of urbanisation in LICS ?
-natural increase - a higher birth rate than deathh rate .
-People who mitiage tend to be young , which results in naturally high levels of increase , meaning in high levels of birth .
-Falling death rate due to medicine , healthcare .
What is ANOTHER cause of urbanisation in LICS ?
Rural to ubran migration - movement of people from the countryside to the city .
What is a PUSH factor ?
A BAD thing that makes you want to oleave that location .
What is a PULL factor ?
-Things that make you want to leave , good tihngs that attract you .
PUSH Factors for urbanisation ?
Natural disasters - can damage property and farmland , which is costly , Rural areas can find it harder to recover as they tend to hav fewer resources .
-Mechanised agricultrual equipment , needs fewer workers so fewer jobs .
-Poverty
PULL factors for urbanisation
-There are more jobs in urban aeas that are often beter paid .
-There’s access to better healthcare and education opportunities .
-Other famialies might have already moved to an urban area .
-People think they will have a better quality life .
What is a megacity ?
-Urban areas with more than 10 million residents .
-As of 2018 there are 33 megacities ,
with more than 27 located in LICS AND NEES ,
-By 2043 number of megacities epxted to increase to 43.
CASE STUDY FOR LIC/NEE URBANISATION ?
Lagos - a city in the SOUTH WEST of NIGERIA .
-On the coasto fguinea
-North of the equator and North of the Prime Merdian .
Quick Facts about Lagos .
-Nigeria is a NEE , and has the highest GDP of any country in Africa .
-The citiies population is to be over 14 million , one of the fastest growing areas in the world , with an anual growth rate of 3.2 % .
How is Lagos important REGIONALLY ?
-The large migran population increases CULTURAL DIVERSITY .
-It is also very wellc onnected to other major towns , making it an important center for regional trade .
How is Lagos important NATIONALLY ?
-Lagos is homet o 80% of Nigeria’s industry , as well as many global companies .
-Lagos was also the capital of Nigeria until ABUA became capital in 1991 .
How is Llagos important INTERNATIONALLY ?
-Lagos is the main financial center , fr the whole of WEST AFRICA ,aand the 5th largest economy on the continent .
-The international port and airport are important for global trade .
One factor that has cuased lagos to grow rapidly
-The british colonised Llagos in the 1869s making it a center for trade and attracitng many merchants .
-Lagos Lagoon if a map was given .
Another factor that has causes Lagos to grow rapdily ?
-Many ex slaves returned home to Lagos in the 1800s (eg from Brazil) as slavery wa abolished .
-When NIgeria gained independance in the 1960s , there was a rapi economic development , as Nigeria;s resources no logner controlled by birithsh .
lat factor that caused Lagos to grow rapidly ?
-THe governemnt financed lots of construction projects
e,g oil refineries ,s ea ports and factories , creatimg many jobs and rapid urbanisaiton .
-Lagos recent growth is cuased by natural increase and migration
What is migration ?
-People moving fromo ne area to anogther 9usually rural to urban)
What is Eko Atlantic ?
ITS AN ECONOMIC OPPORTNUNITY
-Theyw ant it to be aplace witha formal economy - popele have to work for wages and payt axes .
–Have holidayr ights
-New fiancial hub for West Africa
What is Eko Atlntic ? (2)
-Inspire dby DUbai - n like hong kong - designed for poeple highlye ducated tht left Lagos to com back .
-Will be home to 250 , ooo popele and employ 150,000 poepple .
What is the informal sector ?
-Part of the economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government .
-Activites of the informal economy are not included in the gross domestic porducts or a country (street vendor).
Benefits of the informal sector .
-Beneficial services , like car washing shoe hsining
-enterpirse city , peole are willing to do antyhing .
-Wate recylicng is a major job in the informal sector .
Problems with the informal sectoe ?
-People do not pay taxes - that is problematic for the government .
-Dangeorus jobs are whaazrdous for health . Working 12 hrs some
-Limits the number of jobs Lagos can create .