P17 - Anticancer Flashcards
cytotoxic drugs MOA
- prevent replication
classes of cytotoxic drugs (4)
- alkylating agents
- antimetabolites
- cytotoxic antibiotics
- plant derivatives
alkylating agents MOA
- form covalent bonds that cross-link DNA impeding replication
alkylating agents side effects
- alopecia
- bone marrow depletion
- leukopenia
platinum analogues drugs (part of alkylating agents) (3)
- cisplatin
- carboplatin
- oxaliplaton
alkylating agent drugs (7)
- cyclophosphamide
- melphalan
- chlorambucil
- ifosfamide
- busulfan
- dacarbazine
- lomustine
alkylating agent with lowest chance of toxicity
- chlorambucil
alkylating agent that is most potent
- ifosfamide
which platinum analogue is a safe alternative for cats
- carboplatin
antimetabolites MOA
- inhibit production of nucleic acid and proteins for cell division
antimetabolites side effects
- GI
- bone marrow
antimetabolites drugs (2)
- methotrexate
- 5-fluorouracil
is inhibition reversible in antimetabolites
- yes
antimetabolite that is not for cats and can cross the BBB
- 5-fluorouracil
cytotoxic antibiotics MOA
- binds to DNA and breaks it
cytotoxic antibiotics side effects
- necrosis if given outside vein
- bone marrow
- GI
cytotoxic antibiotics drugs (8)
- actinomycin D
- dactinomycin
- antracyclines (doxorubicin)
- epirubicin
- danunorubicin
- idarubicin
- mitoantrone
- bleomycin
cytotoxic antibiotic that causes nephrotoxicity in cats
- antracyclines (doxorubicin)
cytotoxic antibiotic that has no cardiotoxicity
- epirubicin
cytotoxic drug that has 25% refractory malignant lymphoma -> remission
- mitoxantrone
plant derivatives MOA
- act on microtubules
plant derivatives side effects
- GI
- less bone marrow
- anaphylactic reactions
plant derivatives drug categories (2)
- vinca alkaloids
- taxanes
vinca alkaloids drugs (2)
- vincristine
- vinblastine
vinca alkaloid are used for what
- TVT
taxanes drugs (2)
- paclitaxel
- docetaxel
what should you use to pretreat when using taxanes
- glucocorticoids or antihistamines
L-asparaginase MOA
- inhibits protein synthesis
L-asparaginase side effects
- hypersensitivity
- pancreatitis
what can some tumors produce, making this drug not useful
- L-asparaginase
immune therapies MOA
- directly acting on cell or against microenvironment
classes of immune therapies (5)
- monoclonal antibodies
- transfer of T-cells
- therapeutic vac.
- cytokine therapies
- modulation of immune signaling
monoclonal antibodies MOA
- protein kinase inhibitors
monoclonal antibodies drugs (end in…)
- end in (-mab)
majority of monoclonal antibodies receptors require _____ of intracellular signaling
- phosphorylation
tyrosine kinase inhibitors MOA
- block kinase receptor in cell
tyrosine kinase drugs (end in…)
- end in (-nib)
do monoclonal antibodies or tyrosine kinase drugs work better
- tyrosine kinase
modulation of immune signaling by 2 things
- bacilli calmetter guerin (BCG)
- imiquimod
bacilli calmetter guerin (BCG) MOA
- stimulating alveolar macrophages and promote lymphocyte cytotoxicity
bacilli calmetter guerin (BCG) side effects
- granulomas
- anaphylaxis
imiquimod MOA
- immune response around tumor
imiquimod regulated by what toll-like receptor
- TLR-7
selective inhibitors of nuclear transport MOA
- makes cell function normally -> apoptosis
selective inhibitors of nuclear transport drugs (2)
- selinexor
- verdinexor
selective inhibitors of nuclear transport inhibit what
- XPO-1
heat shock proteins are also known as
- chaperoins
heat shock proteins MOA
- inhibit HSP 90 -> stop tumor growth
heat shock proteins drugs (1)
- ganetespib
steroid hormones and antagonists categories (4)
- glucocorticoids
- anti-androgens
- anti-estrogens
- anti-prostagens
which steroid hormones and antagonist manage secondary complications
- glucocorticoids
which steroid hormones and antagonist is used for perinanal gland tumors
- anti-andogrens (Delmadinone)
which steroid hormones and antagonist is used for mammary carcinomas
- anti-estrogens (tamoxifen)
which steroid hormones and antagonist is used for mammary tumors
- anti-prostagens
