P&P

Question 1

Explain the Great Vowel Shift and its consequences.

Answer 1

• The GVS began around 15th century
• Mixture of push and pull factors: mid vowels raised, pushed up the high vowels
• Each non-high vowel moving for one height, high vowels became diphthongs
• All MidEng LONG VOWELS changed
• GVS is the reason why English spelling differs so much from English pronunciation

Question 2

Spell the transcribed expression: [ˌfu:dfə ˈθɔːt]

Answer 2

food for thought

Question 3

Spell the transcribed expression, tick the correct and cross the incorrect transcription: [ˌeɪnʃənt ˈhɪstri] vs [ˌænʃənt ˈhɪstri] ancient history

Answer 3

✅ [ˌeɪnʃənt ˈhɪstri] [ˌænʃənt ˈhɪstri] ancient history

Question 4

Transcribe the spelt expression: an infamous record

Answer 4

[ən ˈɪnfəməs rɪˈkɔːd ]

Question 5

Transcribe the expression K. Tomkova will read: (just to know this question is there)

Answer 5

[ˈspi:tʃ ɪz ˈsɪlvə ˈsaɪləns ɪz ˈɡəʊldən ]

Question 6

adjective (main stress)

Answer 6

‘adjective

Question 7

androgynous (main stress)

Answer 7

andro’gynous

Question 8

committee (main stress)

Answer 8

coˈmmittee

Question 9

custody

Answer 9

ˈcustody

Question 10

custodian

Answer 10

cuˈstodian

Question 11

debacle

Answer 11

deˈbacle

Question 12

elision

Answer 12

eˈlision

Question 13

hitherto

Answer 13

hitherˈto

Question 14

ideology

Answer 14

ideˈology

Question 15

ideological

Answer 15

ideoˈlogical

Question 16

idiocy

Answer 16

ˈidiocy

Question 17

indictment

Answer 17

inˈdictment

Question 18

jeopardy

Answer 18

ˈjeopardy

Question 19

leopard

Answer 19

ˈleopard

Question 20

liaison

Answer 20

liˈaison

Question 21

marine

Answer 21

maˈrine

Question 22

oceanic

Answer 22

oceˈanic

Question 23

olive

Answer 23

ˈolive

Question 24

paradox

Answer 24

ˈparadox

Question 25

paradoxical

Answer 25

paraˈdoxical

Question 26

personal

Answer 26

ˈpersonal

Question 27

personnel

Answer 27

persoˈnnel

Question 28

posthumously

Answer 28

ˈposthumously

Question 29

preposterous

Answer 29

preˈposterous

Question 30

psychopath

Answer 30

ˈpsychopath

Question 31

psychopathic

Answer 31

psychoˈpathic

Question 32

push-ups

Answer 32

ˈpush-ˈups

Question 33

resign

Answer 33

reˈsign

Question 34

resignation

Answer 34

resigˈnation

Question 35

sequence

Answer 35

ˈsequence

Question 36

to sever

Answer 36

to ˈsever

Question 37

severe

Answer 37

seˈvere

Question 38

severity

Answer 38

seˈverity

Question 39

society

Answer 39

soˈciety

Question 40

sociology

Answer 40

sociˈology

Question 41

subsequent

Answer 41

ˈsubsequent

Question 42

stupidity

Answer 42

stuˈpidity

Question 43

thesaurus

Answer 43

theˈsaurus

Question 44

teddy bear

Answer 44

ˈteddy bear

Question 45

urine

Answer 45

ˈurine

Question 46

complementary distribution of allophones

Answer 46

Possibility to predict which allophone of a phoneme will occur in certain context/environment
[p] when not under stress, [ph] when aspirated – in syllable under stress

Question 47

elision in phonetics

Answer 47

is ommission of phoneme
mostly in words with silent letter
for example in knee / niː /, there is <k> in spelling, but not in pronunciation</k>

Question 48

yod-dropping and yod-coalescence

Answer 48

yod-dropping = /j/ is deleted = dropped
yod-coalescence = /j/ merged with preceding consonant (plosive, or fricative)

Question 49

main functions of pitch changes

Answer 49

signal division of INTONATIONAL PHRASES
signal division between accents (primary, secondary)
signal what of sentence it is (question x statement)
to express feeling (surprise, sarcasm, …)
make one word more important than others

Question 50

Which is a minimal pair:
a/ put – but
b/ light – kite
c/ thorough – through
d/ query – fiery

Answer 50

b/ light – kite

Question 51

Which is a homophonous pair (words in bold)?

a/ She was born in Tyne and Wear. – My wife likes to wear button-up blouses at work.
b/ What’s the Italian for unleaded petrol? – Captains should always lead by example.
c/ The forward has now scored four times in a row. – I had a terrible row with my father last night.
d/ Are you reading anything interesting? – I have never been to Reading before.
e/ Many mediaeval battles were won thanks to a bow and arrows. – Her hair was tied back in a neat bow.

Answer 51

e/ Many mediaeval battles were won thanks to a bow and arrows. – Her hair was tied back in a neat bow.

Question 52

Complete the missing word: The double ‘m’ in Italian AMMINISTRAZIONE (rather than the otherwise universal ‘dm’) is an example of ……………………… assimilation.

Answer 52

leading

Question 53

Which is the correct phonetic symbol for the VOICED BILABIAL NASAL:
a/ /m/
b/ /n/
c/ /f/
d/ /v/

Answer 53

a/ /m/

Question 54

Which is the correct phonetic symbol for the SHORT CLOSE FRONT UNROUNDED vowel:
a/ /u/
b/ /o/
c/ /e/
d/ /i/

Answer 54

d/ /i/

Question 55

Which of the following linguists belonged to the Kazan School of Linguistics:
a/ Baudoin de Courtenay
b/ Nikolay Trubetzkoy
c/ Roman Jakobson
d/ Noam Chomsky

Answer 55

a/ Baudoin de Courtenay

Question 56

Working-class London accent is called:
a/ Geordie
b/ Scouse
c/ Cockney
d/ Capital

Answer 56

c/ Cockney

Question 57

Define vowel in CAUGHT phonetically:

Answer 57

short rounded close-mid back

Question 58

Define the first consonant in GEEK phonetically:

Answer 58

voiced velar plosive/stop

Question 59

Complete the missing word: Consonants that are articulated by means of the lower lip and upper teeth are called

Answer 59

labiodental

Question 60

Complete the missing word: If the word-final sound in CITY is realised as /i/ rather than /ɪ/, this is referred to as ‘happY

Answer 60

tensing

Question 61

Which syllable is the stressed one in the word PHONOLOGICAL?
a/ 1st syllable
b/ 2nd syllable
c/ 3rd syllable
d/ 4th syllable
e/ 5th syllable

Answer 61

c/ 3rd syllable