Oxygenation Flashcards
What is poor oxygenation?
A decreased oxygen level in the blood
Oxygen Saturation can be used to assess what?
Oxygen level
SpO2 measures what?
Measure of how saturated hemoglobin are with oxygen
How is a SpO2 measured?
Pulse oximetry
What is considered an acceptable SpO2 range?
95%-100%
What are signs and symptoms of poor oxygenation?
Restlessness/Confusion
Decreased blood pressure
cool extremities
pallor or cyanosis of extremities
slow capillary refill
What is the 1st sign of poor oxygenation in a patient
Restlessness
What happens when oxygen delivery is inadequate to meet metabolic demands of the body
Tissue ischemia and cell death
Define hypoxia
Hypoxia is when your blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen to the tissues to meet the body’s needs (low oxygen in your tissues)
What are some early signs of poor oxygenation in a patient?
Restlessness
tachycardia
tachypnea
dyspnea
increased agitation
diaphoresis
retractions
altered LOC
anxiousness
What are some late signs of hypoxia in a patient?
Increased restlessness
Somnolence (sleepy/lethargic)
Stupor
dyspnea
decreased resp
bradycardia
cyanosis
Lung disease is greatly influenced by what a patient is exposed to… for example….
environment- Think about the environment we live in–> Lubbock dirt
occupational– think about coal miners–> exposure to pollutants.
personal
social habits
Gas exchange happens were
Alveoli
The anatomy of the lung includes
2 lungs
Trachea/Wind pipe –> bronchi –> bronchioles —> Alveoli (air sacs)
What are pulmonary diseases?
They are often classified as acute or chronic, obstructive or restrictive, infectious or non infectious and is caused by alterations in the lungs or heart
What is an example of an acute pulmonary disease?
Bronchitis
What is an example of a chronic pulmonary disease?
Asthma
What is an example of an obstructive pulmonary disease?
COPD– Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease
What is an example of Restrictive pulmonary disease?
Pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis (scaring)
What is an example of infectious pulmonary disease?
Pneumonia
What is an example of a noninfectious pulmonary disease
asthma, COPD, Pulmonary fibrosis
What are some clinical manifestations aka symptoms of respiratory alterations?
Cough
Dyspnea– shortness of breath, feeling of inability to get a good breath
Chest pain
Abnormal Sputum
Hemoptysis– coughing up blood also a form of abnormal sputum
Cyanosis
Fever
Altered breathing patterns
Where is cyanosis normally seen?
End of extremities– fingers or toes
Around our mouth and mucus memebranes
tip of nose
inside of nares
earlobes
What is orthopnea?
Dyspnea when laying down