Hygiene material Flashcards
What is hygiene?
Condition or practices (as of cleanliness) conductive to health
What are some ways we can improve a patients hygiene?
Bed bath/shower, encourage handwashing, toothbrush, combing hair
True or false: The way we view hygiene may differ from others due to cultural beliefs?
True
True or false: Helping a patient shower can have a positive impact on a patients health and mindset?
True
Why is skin important?
It is our first line of defense
What is our body’s largest organ?
Skin
True or False: The skin and mucosal cells are essential to the health of the body?
True
What are some functions that our skin does for us?
protection
secretion
excretion
temp req
sensation
What is the epidermis?
It is the outermost layer of skin– composed of several thin layers of epithelial cells
What do the cells of the epidermis do?
Shield the underlying tissue
What is the dermis?
The dermis is a connective layer sandwiched between the epidermis and subcutaneous
What does the dermis layer do for us?
Supports the epidermis
What does the dermis layer contain?
Collagen,
nerve fibers,
blood vessels,
glands,
hair follicles,
True or False: We want to keep breaks in the skin to a minimum especially breaks to the dermis?
True
What glands reside in the dermis?
Sweet glands and Sebaceous glands
What are some of the functions of our sweat glands?
Protect the skin from being to dry
Cool the body
What are some of the functions of our sebaceous glands?
Secrete sebum, an oily, odorous fluid, into the hair follicles.
-softens/lubricates the skin
-slows water loss from the skin
-bactericidal action (prevents the growth of bacteria)
What could brittle hair and skin indicate in a patient?
Dehydration
What is subcutaneous tissue?
The subcutaneous tissue is composed of subcutaneous fat and various other types of cells.
What does subcutaneous tissue contain?
nerves
blood vessels
connective tissue filled with fat cells
What are some of the functions of subcutaneous tissue?
-fat insulates the body
- cushions the upper layers
- loosely secures the skin to underlying structures
True or false: We want to avoid breaks in the skin especially down to subcutaneous tissues?
True
What does a normal nail look like?
Transparent, smooth, and convex
pink nail bed
translucent white tip
True or False: The condition of a patient’s hands and feet have no effect on the patient’s ability to perform hygiene care?
False
When thinking about the hygiene of the feet, hands, and nails what should we as nurses pay special attention to prevent?
Infection
Injury
Odor
True or false: Mucous membranes line the mouth?
True
True or false: Normal mucosa is not a sign of good health?
False
What does normal mucosa in the mouth look like?
Light pink
soft
moist
smooth
no lesions
What is the oral mucosa?
The mucous membrane lining or “skin” inside the mouth, including cheeks and lips, tounge
When we evaluate the mouth of our pt what are some abnormalities we may find?
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums)
Dental caries (tooth decay)
True or false: medication, exposure to radiation, and mouth breathing can impair salivary secreation?
True
Define Xerostomia
Dry mouth
When assessing a patient hair what are we assessing for?
Growth
distribution
pattern
True or False: the eyes, ears and nose are not sensitive sensory tissues?
False
True or false: avoiding getting soap into a patient’s eyes can prevent injury and discomfort in a patient?
True
Good hygiene practices help…. promote what…(poorly worded sorry)
Support in the function and stability of the skin, mucosa and other structures
Promote a positive self-image
provide comfort
True or false: Good Hygiene practices help with pain and healing?
True
Hygiene activities provide opportunities for assessments in what area?
Physical condition
emotion status
health promotion practices
heath care education needs
Yes or No– During hygiene activities would be a good opportunity to find out what all the patients may be able to do for themselves and what they may need assistance with?
Yes
When assessing the patient’s social practices what are some things, you should ask about?
Types of products they prefer and how often or when they like to practice hygiene activities
When assessing factors such as – patients socioeconomic status what are some things as a nurse you should be thinking about?
Does this patient’s socioeconomic status effect his ability to maintain proper hygiene?
For a homeless patient who does not have the means to preform good hygiene care who could we contact for assistance?
Social workers
Why is assessing factors such as personal preferences important when assessing the patient’s hygiene care routine?
It fosters individualized care
Keep in mind some cultures are specific to when certain hygiene routines are performed.
True or false: changes through the progression of life can affect the patient’s hygiene care routine?
True
True or false: The developmental stage when assessing a patient can often help us determine what type of help a pt may need?
True
Why is the physical condition of a patient important to a patient hygiene routine care?
various illnesses and injuries can affect the pts ability to care for self.
True or False: A patient’s physical condition can limit a patient’s ability to perform independent self-care?
true
What are some nursing actions to be taken when thinking about a pts hygiene care?
-utilize knowledge
-consider the patients culture and developmental stage
- be nonjudgmental
-think outside of the box
-implement professional standards of care
-Maintain confidence
True or false: As a nurse we should never push our beliefs on our patients?
True
What are some factors you should consider with pt hygiene practices?
-Socioeconomic status
- social practices
-personal preferences
- health beliefs and motivation
-Developmental stage
- Physical conditions
-Body Image
What are some factors as a nurse you should condsider with hygine care
-communication skills promote the therapeutic relationship
-Hygiene activities provide opportunities for assessment
What are things we should do in the process stage of providing hygiene care?
communicate with the patient
determine how to provide hygiene
honor a patients request for their hygene routines
prepare the patient to assist as much as they physically can
encourage independence
provide privacy
maintain warms
During the process stage in hygiene care we will want to communicate and verify what with the patient
We want to verify that the patient is agreeable to the timing and results of hygiene
During the process stage in hygiene what are we considering when we determine how to provide hygiene
How to adapt a procedure to accommodate patients’ faculties and resources
What are some ways that you can maintain a patients warmth when providing hygiene care?
Warm room temp
Keep body parts warm if not being bathed
In terms of safety, what are somethings we can do to keep a patient safe while we preform hygiene care
Keep bed rails up– if the patient is alone or on the side opposite of the caregiver
Test the temp of bathing solution or bath cloths before using
practice proper body mechanics
What are the basic guidelines for baths?
provide privacy
maintain safety
maintain warmth
promote independence
anticipate
What are some benefits of bathing
removes perspiration, dirt and bacteria
helps prevent skin problems
refreshes the patient- comfort
stimulates circulation/provides passive exercise
opportunity for communication and physical assessment
If a patient is weak and wishes to shower what is something we can utilize?
Shower chair
What are some types of baths?
shower,
partial or assisted bath,
sponge bath at sink,
complete bed bath,
tub bath,
bag bath,
therapeutic
Why is perineal care so important?
Prevents skin breakdown
What are some risk factors that could affect perineal care?
Urinary or fecal incontinence
rectal and perineal surgical dressings
indwelling urinary catheter
morbid obesity
True or false: The Perineal area is not susceptible to sore and breakdowns
False– very susceptible
Yes or No: if patient is able we should encourage patient to perform own perineal care?
yes
True or False: some patients prefer gender-congruent caregivers?
True
True or False: bath basins are used with soap and water and are common reservoir for bacteria?
True
True of false: Bath basins cannot be a source of transmission of hospital acquired infections?
False
What can help prevent bath basins from being a source of transmission of a hospital acquired infection
frequent water changes
Define ADL and give an example
Activity of daily living– showering, getting ready for work, brushing hair/teeth, walking and eating
How can we maintain hygiene in a patients room?
Cleaning up clutter
maintain comfort- temp, noise, lighting, ventilation, odors
Keep the over- the bed table clean
DO NOT SET URINALS OR BEDPANS ON IT
How can we maintain the hygiene of a patients bed?
Changing bedding regular or when soiled/wet
Do linens that are not soiled need to be changed daily?
No
True or false: Soiled linens should be changed as often as needed?
True
When is the best time to change the bedding of a ambulatory patient?
While the patient is showering or using the bathroom
How would you change the bedding of a bedridden patient?
Occupied bed making procedure
We should always ____ a patients request
Honor
True or false: It is okay to medicate the patient for discomfort and allow time for effectiveness?
True
We should maintain physical safety by use of
side rails
True or False: utilizing proper body mechanics– by raising the bed to a comfortable working height is very important
True
We should also provide the patient ____
privacy
True or False: Since modesty goes out the window when a patient is in the hospital it is okay not to preserve what modesty the patient has.
False– we should always preserve the patients modesty
During a patient’s bath, cover the ______ areas after patting them dry
A.Clean
B.Dirty
Clean
When should ALWAYS change your gloves during a bed bath
Anytime they become soiled or after perineal, buttocks, and anal care
The nurse is assisting a patient with rheumatoid arthritis to bathe at the sink. During the bath the patient states that she is tired. The nurse notices the patient is breathing rapidly and the pulse is rapid. What is the nurse’s best response?
A. Finish the bath quickly
B. Help the patient return to bed
C. Leave the patient alone to rest in the chair at the sink for a few mins.
D. Instruct the patient to take deep breaths and try and relax
B. help the patient return to bed
A patient who is cognitively impaired and has dementia requires hygiene care. The patient often displays aggressive behavior such as screaming and hitting during the bath. Which techniques make the bathing experience less stressful for both the nurse and the patient? (Select all that apply.)
A. Allow the patient to perform as much of the care as possible.
B. Start by washing the face.
C. Try an alternative to traditional bathing such as the “bag bath.”
D. Use restraints to prevent the patient from injuring self or the nurse.
A. Allow the patient to perform as much of the care as possible
C. Try an alternative to traditional bathing such as “bag bath”
A male nurse is caring for a 32-year-old female Muslim patient who has an indwelling Foley catheter. After introducing himself to the patient, the nurse learns that the patient does not want him to help her with personal hygiene care. Which of the following is(are) appropriate actions? (Select all that apply.)
A. Finding a female nurse to help the patient
B. Convincing the patient that he will work quickly and provide as much privacy as possible
C. Skipping hygiene care for the day except for the parts that the patient can complete independently
D. Asking the patient if she prefers a family member assist with the care
A. finding a female nurse to help the patient
D. Asking the patient if she prefers a family member assist with the care
You are helping a female patient bathe. As you are about to perform perineal care, the patient says, “I can finish my bath.” The patient has discomfort and burning in the perineal area. What action do you need to take initially?
A. Explain to the patient that, because of her symptoms, you need to observe the perineal area.
B. Insist that you are supposed to complete the care.
C. Honor the patient’s request to complete her own perineal care to avoid any embarrassment.
D. Ask the patient if a family member can complete the care instead.
A. Explain to the patient, because of her symptoms, you need to observe the perineal area
While planning morning care, which of the following patients would receive the highest priority to receive his or her bath first?
A. A patient who just returned to the nursing unit from surgery and is experiencing pain at a level of 7 on a scale of 0 to 10
B. A patient who prefers a bath in the evening when his wife visits and can help him
C. A patient who is experiencing frequent incontinent diarrheal stools
D. A patient who has just returned from diagnostic testing and complains of being very fatigued
C. A patient who is experiencing frequent incontinent diarrheal stools
During bathing your patient experiences shortness of breath and labored breathing with a respiratory rate of 30. The bed is in a flat position. You change the bed position to:
A. Trendelenburg’s.
B. Reverse Trendelenburg’s.
C. Fowler’s.
D. Semi-Fowler’s.
C. Fowlers
A nurse caring for a male patient observes the nursing assistive personnel (NAP) performing perineal care. Which of the following observed actions indicates a need for further teaching for the NAP? The NAP:
A. Used clean gloves.
B. Did not retract the foreskin before cleansing.
C. Used the clean portion of washcloth for each cleansing wipe.
D. Used a circular motion to cleanse from urinary meatus outward.
B. Did not retract the foreskin before cleansing
Which of the following actions would best help prevent skin breakdown in a patient who is incontinent of stools and very weak and drowsy?
A. Checking frequently for soiling
B. Washing the perineal area with strong soap and water
C. Placing the call light within easy reach
D. Keeping a pad under the patient
A. Checking frequently for soiling
Pediculosis Capitis is better known as what highly infectious condition?
A. Scabies
B. Herpes Simplex
C. Head Lice
D. Thinning of the hair
C. Head Lice
