Oxygen Therapy Flashcards
When is oxygen therapy indicated?
It is indicated in hypoxemic individuals with
- SpO2 less than 90%
- PaO2 less than 60mmHg
Which non-invasive devices for O2 delivery do you know?
Oxygen Nasal Cannula: This is one of the most common and simplest devices used for delivering supplemental oxygen. It consists of two small prongs that are inserted into the nostrils, connected to tubing attached to an oxygen source.
Oxygen masks cover the nose and mouth and are secured with an elastic strap around the head. They come in various designs, including simple masks, partial rebreather masks, and non-rebreather masks. Oxygen masks are suitable for patients who require higher concentrations of oxygen or those who cannot tolerate nasal cannulas.
Venturi masks are a type of oxygen mask that delivers precise oxygen concentrations by mixing oxygen with room air through adjustable vents.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) Therapy: HFNC therapy delivers heated and humidified oxygen at high flow rates through nasal prongs.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP):
- Application of the same positive pressure threshold during both inspiration and expiration
Bi-level positive airway pressure (Bi-PAP):
- Application is different. Positive pressure threshold for inspiration and expiration.
What invasive oxygen delivery method devices do you know?
1 - Endotracheal intubation
2 - Mechanical ventilation
3 - Tracheostomy
4 - Coniotomy
Complications of oxygen delivery:
Trauma to airway structures
Hypoxia
Dyrhythmias
Aspiration
Intubation of oesophagus, right mainstem bronchus
Laryngospasm
Bronchospasm
Atelectasis
Pulmonary toxicity
Oxygen toxicity
Hypoventilation
Fire hazard
Retrolental fibroplasia
Describe the main features of a nasal catheter:
Low oxygen device
Delivers oxygen at 25-45% FiO2 at 1-6L/min flow
Noninvasive
Has a single tube
Has multiple sizes
Face mask:
Non-invasive
Components:
Mask designed to seal over nose and mouth
Elastic straps
Oxygen tubing
Oxygen inlet port
Exhalation vents
Reservoir bag
Types:
Simple face mask
Venturi mask
Partial rebreather mask
Non-rebreather mask
High-flow nasal cannula
Non-rebreathing Mask - high oxygen device, delivers 95% oxygen 10-12L/min, has 2 valves for preventing retention of gases during expiration + entrapment of room air during inspiration
Venturi mask - high flow
- Up to 12-15L/min flow at 60%
- Used for patients that are not breathing spontaneously
Describe the Nasal catheter (2):
Low oxygen device
25-45% FiO2 at 1-6L/min
Thin flexible tube
Two nasal prongs
Adjustable strap
Connection to oxygen source
O2 face mask (2)
Simple face mask - 35-55% FiO2 @ 5-10L/min
Low O2 device
Transparent plastic body, elastic strap, flexible nose piece, exhalation ports with one-way valves that allow exhlaed air to escape, connection to an O2 sourse
Partial rebreather mask - 35-50% FiO2 @ 10-15L/min
Venturi mask - 24-60% FiO2 @ 2-15L/min
High flow
Used when a patient is not breathing spontaneously
Non-rebreathing mask 45% FiO2 @ 10-12L/min
Two valves to prevent entrapment of room air and retention of room air
