Hard Open Questions

Question 1

Indications of tracheostomy:

Answer 1

Long-term ventilation
Frequent suctioning to manage secretions
To bypass airway obstruction

Question 2

Indications of coniotomy:

Answer 2

Upper airway obstruction
Inability to intubate, extubate
Facial trauma
Cervical spine injury

Question 3

Describe the main features of nasal catheter:

Answer 3

25-45% FiO2 @ 1-6L/min flow
Thin, flexible tube
Two nasal prongs
Adjustable strap
Connection to oxygen device

Question 4

Describe the main features of the oxygen face mask

Answer 4

Simple mask - 35-55%FiO2 @ 5-10L/min
Low O device
Transparent plastic body
Elastic strap
Flexible nose piece
Exhalation valves - allows exhaled air to escape
Connection to O source

Partial rebreather mask - 35-50% FiO2 @ 10-15L/min

Venturi Mask
High flow O device
Used for patient that is not breathing spontaneously
24 - 60% FiO2 @ 2-15L/min

Non-rebreathing mask - 45% FiO2 @ 10/12L/min
Two valves to prevent entrapment of room air and retention of exhaled gases

Question 5

Describe Crossmatch:

Answer 5

Take blood sample
send sample to blood bank
Wait for bloodbank to match and prepare needed units

Crossmatch
- Confirms ABO, Rh typing
- Detects antibodies to other blood groups
- Detects autoantibodies that do not agglutinate easily
- Recipient’s plasma is mixed with a sample of donor RBC’s
- Mixture is observed for agglutination and hemolysis of RBC’s