Acid-base balance Flashcards

1
Q

H+ range:

A

36-43nmol/L

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2
Q

Severe acidosis _____pH

A

<7.2

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3
Q

Acidosis effects

A

Peduces cardiac contractility
Peripheral vascular resistance
Progressive hypotension
Ventricular fibrillation threshold is decreased
Hyperkalemia
CNS depression

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4
Q

Excretion of CO2 by alveolar ventilation

A

minimum 12000mmol/day

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5
Q

Reabsorption of filtered HCO3

A

4000-5000mmol/day

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6
Q

Physiological buffers:

A

Bicarbonate (H2CO3/HCO3)
Hemoglobin (HbH/Hb-)
Intracelullar proteins (PrH/Pr-)
Phosphates (H2PO4-/HPo42-)
Ammonia (NH3/NH4+)

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7
Q

Bicarbonate is the most important buffer in _______
Hemoglobin, though restricted inside red blood cells, also functions as an important buffer in ______
___________ are important urinary buffers

A

Extracellular fluid
Blood
Phosphate and ammonium

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8
Q

Acid loads do what to bone?

A

Demineralize bone and release alkaline compounds (CaCO3 and CaHPO4)

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9
Q

Hg is rich in _________ an effective buffer

A

Histadine

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10
Q

Renal response to acidity:

A

Increase reabsorption of HCO3-
Increased excretion of titratable acids
Increased production of ammonia

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11
Q

Respiratory acidosis numbers, cause, etiology:

A

ph<7.35 and PaCO2>45mm/Hg
Suppression of the respiratory center, opiates, obesty, nerve or muscle disorders
Respiratory tract diseases - COPD, asthma, ARDS

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12
Q

Hypercapnoic acidosis causes

A

Insufficient mechanical ventilation

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13
Q

Metabolic acidosis mechanisms:

A
  • Consumption of HCO3- by a strong nonvolatile acid
  • Renal or GI wasting of bicarbonate
  • Rapid dilution of the extracellular fluid compartment w/ a bicarbonate-free fluid
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14
Q

Metabolic acidosis numbers:

A

<22mmol/L HCO3-
pH<7.35

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15
Q

Anion gap calculation:

A

AGap = ([Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-])

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16
Q

Base excess:

A

Defined as the amount of acid or base that must be added for blood pH to return to 7.4 and PaCO2 to return to 40mmHg at full O2 saturation and 37C

17
Q

Respiratory alkalosis causes:

A

Central - head injury, pain, anxiety, progesterone
Hypoxemia -

18
Q

pH
HCO3
pCO2

A

7.35-7.45
35-45
22-26

19
Q

Total energy expenditure

A

TEE = BEE x stress factor x activity factor

20
Q

CHO is ______% of calories
Fats are _____% of calories

A

50-75
25-30

21
Q

Nacl danger:

A

Hyper-choloremic acidosis