Acid-base balance Flashcards
H+ range:
36-43nmol/L
Severe acidosis _____pH
<7.2
Acidosis effects
Peduces cardiac contractility
Peripheral vascular resistance
Progressive hypotension
Ventricular fibrillation threshold is decreased
Hyperkalemia
CNS depression
Excretion of CO2 by alveolar ventilation
minimum 12000mmol/day
Reabsorption of filtered HCO3
4000-5000mmol/day
Physiological buffers:
Bicarbonate (H2CO3/HCO3)
Hemoglobin (HbH/Hb-)
Intracelullar proteins (PrH/Pr-)
Phosphates (H2PO4-/HPo42-)
Ammonia (NH3/NH4+)
Bicarbonate is the most important buffer in _______
Hemoglobin, though restricted inside red blood cells, also functions as an important buffer in ______
___________ are important urinary buffers
Extracellular fluid
Blood
Phosphate and ammonium
Acid loads do what to bone?
Demineralize bone and release alkaline compounds (CaCO3 and CaHPO4)
Hg is rich in _________ an effective buffer
Histadine
Renal response to acidity:
Increase reabsorption of HCO3-
Increased excretion of titratable acids
Increased production of ammonia
Respiratory acidosis numbers, cause, etiology:
ph<7.35 and PaCO2>45mm/Hg
Suppression of the respiratory center, opiates, obesty, nerve or muscle disorders
Respiratory tract diseases - COPD, asthma, ARDS
Hypercapnoic acidosis causes
Insufficient mechanical ventilation
Metabolic acidosis mechanisms:
- Consumption of HCO3- by a strong nonvolatile acid
- Renal or GI wasting of bicarbonate
- Rapid dilution of the extracellular fluid compartment w/ a bicarbonate-free fluid
Metabolic acidosis numbers:
<22mmol/L HCO3-
pH<7.35
Anion gap calculation:
AGap = ([Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-])