Oxygen Physiology

Question 1

V/Q Mismatch

Answer 1

V - Ventilation
Q - Perfusion
Pulmonary shunt - Alveoli are perfused but ventilation is blocked (pulmonary edema/atalectesis, etc..)
* COPD/Asthma/Pneumonia/ARDS
Deadspace ventilation - Due to perfusion failure, but still ventilating. (Cardiogenic shock, PE)
* Trauma/Tamponade

Question 2

Glycolysis

Answer 2

Process of breaking down 6 carbon glucose into two 3 carbon molocules named pyruvate.
This process creates net 2 ATP. 4 ATP created in the process, but 2 are used up.

Question 3

Krebs Cycle

Answer 3

1. Pyruvate is oxidized into Acetyl-COA
2. This is further oxidized throughout the citric acid cycle that releases electrons and Co2 as a byproduct.
3. NAD and FAD pick up the electrons and are reduced to NADH and FADH2 to transport the electrons to the electron transport chain.

**4 ATP (Includes glycolysis and citric acid cycle)
6 CO2
10 NADH - each is 3 ATP total of 30 ATP
2 FADH - each is 2 ATP total of 4 ATP

Question 4

Cyanide Poisoning

Answer 4

Cyanide blocks oxidation in the electron transport chain by blocking the enzyme Cytochrome C Oxidase, causing cellular anearobic respiration and eventually leading to cellular suffocation.

Treatment: Cyanokit - Binds to cyanide and is excreted. High flow oxygen. **Other antidotes (Amyl Nitrate)

Question 5

Oxidative Phosphorylation Process NET

Answer 5

Produces a gross 38 ATP but net 36 ATP
6 Co2 molecules

Question 6

Summarize the oxidative phosphorylation process

Answer 6

Through glycolysis, one 6 carbon glucose molecule is divided into 2 3-carbon molecules called pyruvate. Pyruvate is oxidized and converted to Acetyl-COA, which moves through the citric acid cycle being oxidized several times, releasing hydrogen. FAD and NAD receive hydrogen and are reduced to NADH and FADH. This process nets 4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH, and 6 Co2 molecules. The NADH and FADH move to the electron transport chain and donate there ions to the chain. The electrons moving through the chain provide the energy to pump the protons in the intermembrane space. This create a gradiant that moves the protons through a pump that provides the energy needed for ATP synthase to convert ADP into ATP. A gross 34 ATP is created through this process. At the end, a net 36 ATP and 6 Co2 molecules are created.