Laboratory Values Flashcards
K+
3.5-5
Regulated by the kidneys
Hyperkalemia
Peaked T-Waves
Arrythmias
Hypokalemia
Respiratory Arrest/Distress
Lethargy
Decreased muscle strength, tetany
T-wave flattening
U Waves
CL-
95-105
Serum Bicarbonate
23-30
Total amount of C02, carried in the form of HC03
BUN
4.5-11
Creatinine
0.6-1.4
Calcium
8.8-10.4
Essential for blood coagulation, endocrine and neuro function
Hypocalcemia
Muscle Cramps/Spasms
Seizures
Coarse Hair, Brittle Nails
Pruritus (itching)
Hypercalcemia
Cardiac Arrythmias
Hypotonia
Paresis/Weakness
Alkaline Phosphatase
44-147
Enzyme found in bones, liver, and kidneys
Crucial component in the breakdown of proteins
Elevated with liver damage/bile duct blockage
Albumin
3.5-5.5
Protein produced by the liver
Critical in maintaining oncontic pressure in blood vessels
Hypoalbunemia - liver or kidney disease, fluid overload/accumulation Malnutrition/Inflammatory conditions
Hyperalbuminemia - Dehydrated, liver or kidney disease, inflammatory
ALT
10-35
Enzyme in the liver - Breakdown amino acids
Elevated - Liver damage/injury
AST
10-35
Found in liver and heart
Released in the bloodstream with tissue damage. Consider MI as well as liver damage.
Serum Osmolality
275-295
Amount of solute in the serum part of the blood
Regulates with ADH
Urine Specific Gravity
1.005-1.030
Measurement of the concentration of urine
SIADH - Too much ADH - body holds onto volume… creates high concentration urine
SIADH
Too much release of ADH. Causes dilutional state. Creates high urine specific gravity with **low serum osmolality. **
Diabetes Insipidus
To little ADH. Creates a dry state. Too much fluid loss.
low urine specific gravity with high serum osmolality
Troponin
Essential for muscle contraction.
Calcium binding site.
Will not rise until 3-4 hours after onset of MI, and will peak at 12 hours.
CK-MB
0-0.3
Creatine Kinase - Muscle Brain
Compare to total CK
if relative index is above >2.5-3.0.. likely indicates cardiac damage.
proBNP
Secreted by cardiomycoytes based on ventricular stretch
Marker in CHF patients
Beta-Hydroxybutyrate
0.4-0.5
Allow early onset of DKA
Magnesium
1.5-2.5
Low mg++ usually seen in deficits in Ca+ or K+
Cleared by kidneys
Hypermagnesemia - Renal failure?
Loss of deep tendon reflexes
Hypomagnesemia -
Associated with hypokalemia or hypocalcemia. Neuromuscular irritability and mood changes.
Phosphorus
3.0-4.5
Mineral and strength to bone.
Strong reciprocal relationship between phosphorus and calcium.
Hyper - tetany, seizures
Chvostek’s Sign Test question
Touching the cheek and having the cheek rise.
Sign of hypocalcemia/hyperphosphatemia
Treousseau Sign Test question
Blood pressure cough on an arm and pump it up. Arm and hand will flex up towards arm.
Indication of hypocalcemia.
