Neurological

Question 1

Monroe Kelly Hypothesis

Answer 1

Fixed space with three components:

Brain:CSF:Blood

Any increase in these areas means a decrease in another.

Question 2

Normal ICP Range

Answer 2

0-15 mmHg

Question 3

Calculating MAP

Answer 3

(DBP X2) + SBP / 3

Question 4

Calculation for CPP

Answer 4

MAP - ICP

Question 5

Increased ICP

Answer 5

Tachycardia
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
Elevated Blood Pressure

Herniation? :

Decorticate
Decebrate
Blow pupil/differing pupils
Change in LOC / motor response

Question 6

Cushing Triad

Answer 6

Increased in ICP

Bradycardia
Elevated Blood Pressure - Widened Pulse Pressure
Cheyne Stokes Respirations

Question 7

Secondary Brain Injuries

Answer 7

3 H’s for secondary TBI

Hypoxia
Hypo/Hypertension
Hypo/Hypercapnia

Question 8

CT Scan Subdural Bleed

Answer 8

Concave Shape

Question 9

CT Scan Epidural Bleed

Answer 9

Convex Shape (Lemon)

Question 10

Subdural Hematoma

Answer 10

Occurs between dura mater and arachnoid membrane.

Venous in nature.

Question 11

Epidural Hematoma

Answer 11

Between Cranium and dura mater

Most of the time from traumas

Rapid Decompression of the brain stem

“lucid interval” neurological deterioration

Question 12

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 12

between the arachnoid and the pia mater

Sudden s/s. Massive headache/seizures

Question 13

Layers of brain covering

Answer 13

Pia Mater (Thin)
Arachnoid (Middle Layer)
Dura Mater (Outer Layer)
Cranium (Covering)

Question 14

Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Answer 14

Bleeding from ventrics.

Question 15

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Answer 15

Hyper-flexion injury
Below T10 usually

urine/fecal incontinence
Spastic paralysis

Question 16

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Answer 16

Penetrating Trauma

Ipsilateral Injury (one-sided injury)

Loss of pain and temperature on one side, and other side loss of fine touch and vibration (contralateral)

Question 17

Central Cord Syndrome

Answer 17

Hyper-extension Injury

Cervical - Thoracic. Upper neuron normal

Question 18

Sciwora

Answer 18

Swelling of the spinal cord

Spinal
Cord
Injury
Without
Radiograph
Abnormality

Question 19

Spinal Shock vs. Neurological Shock

Answer 19

Loss of involuntary reflexes below site of injury.

Neuro - Acute spinal cord C1 - T5. Loss of vasomotor tone at and below level of injury.