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Biochemistry > Oxidative phosphorylation > Flashcards

Oxidative phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

A

Mitochondria

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2
Q

What does oxidative phosphorylation depend on?

A

Electron transfer

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3
Q

What 4 complexes does the respiratory chain consist of?

A

3 proton pumps
1 physical link to the cit5ric acid cycle

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4
Q

What powers the synthesis of ATP?

A

Proton gradient

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5
Q

What allows movement across mitochondrial membranes?

A

Shuttles

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6
Q

What is the regulation of cellular respiration mainly governed by?

A

Need for ATP
Oxygen available

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7
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Process bu which electrons contained in NADH and FADH2 are transformed into ATP with oxygen consumption

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8
Q

What does malate turn into?

A

Oxaloacetate

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9
Q

What transports the electrons and protons from NADH in cytoplasm into the matrix?

A

Malate

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10
Q

Is the NADH from cytoplasm transported into the matrix?

A

No only the electrons and protons, the cytoplasmic NAD stays in the cytoplasm and the Mitochondrial NAD stays in the mitochondria

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11
Q

Where does the malate-aspartate mainly work?

A

Liver, heart and kidney

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12
Q

Which shuttle mainly works in the brain and muscle?

A

Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle

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13
Q

Which shuttle is more efficient: glycerol 3-phosphate or Malate-aspertate?

A

Malate-aspartate

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14
Q

Which shuttle is faster: glycerol 3-phosphate or Malate-aspertate?

A

Glycerol 3-phosphate

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15
Q

NAD + H+ + 2e- -> ? (reduction)

A

NADH

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16
Q

Where is the electron transport chain?

A

Internal mitochondrial membrane

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17
Q

In the electron transport chain, where does the electrons from complex 1 go to?

A

Coezyme Q which goes to complex 3

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18
Q

In the electron transport chain, where does the electrons from complex 2 go to?

A

Coezyme Q which goes to complex 3

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19
Q

What pushes the proton outside in the electron transport chain?

A

Energy from the electrons changes the confirmation of the pore/complex which pushes the proton outside

20
Q

How many protons does NADH produce?

A

3

21
Q

How many protons to 1 ATP?

A

1

22
Q

How many protons does FADH produce?

A

2

23
Q

Can protons come out of complex 2 in the electron transport chain?

A

No

24
Q

Through what can protons exit the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Complex 1, 3 and 4

25
Q

Only way for protons to enter the mitochondrial matrix?

A

ATP synthase

26
Q

Different name for ATP synthase

A

Complex 5

27
Q

2 intermediate electron transporters in the electron transport chain

A

Coenzyme Q
Cytochrome C

28
Q

Are the oxidations happening in the electron transport chain exergonic or endergonic?

A

Exergonic

29
Q

What is the outer mitochondrial membrane permeable to?

A

Small ions and molecules (due to mitochondrial porin and channel proteins)

30
Q

What its the inner mitochondrial membran impermeable to?

A

Most molecules

31
Q

Is the internal mitochondrial membran rich or poor in proteins?

A

Rich

32
Q

What allows for transport of molecules across the internal mitochondrial membrane?

A

Specialised transporters

33
Q

What are the cristae?

A

Convolutions in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

34
Q

The more active the cell is the more what does it have?

A

More cristae

35
Q

What does nicotinamide nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases catalyse?

A

Reversible reactions

36
Q

What is complex 1?

A

NADH dehydrogenase

37
Q

What is complex 2?

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

38
Q

What is complex 3?

A

Cytochrome C reductase

39
Q

What is complex 4?

A

Cytochrome oxidase

40
Q

Does succinate dehydrogenase transport protons?

A

No (it is complex 2)

41
Q

What does cytochrome oxidase contain?

A

2 heme A
2 copper centers (A and B)

42
Q

Name of coenzyme Q

A

Ubiquinone

43
Q

What is coenzyme Q?

A

A lipid

44
Q

How many electrons can coenzyme Q transport?

A

1 or 2

45
Q

How many electrons can cytochromes transport?

A

1

46
Q

What is cytochromes?

A

Protein with heme prosthetic groups

Biochemistry (28 decks)

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