Oxidative phosphorylation Flashcards
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
Mitochondria
What does oxidative phosphorylation depend on?
Electron transfer
What 4 complexes does the respiratory chain consist of?
3 proton pumps
1 physical link to the cit5ric acid cycle
What powers the synthesis of ATP?
Proton gradient
What allows movement across mitochondrial membranes?
Shuttles
What is the regulation of cellular respiration mainly governed by?
Need for ATP
Oxygen available
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Process bu which electrons contained in NADH and FADH2 are transformed into ATP with oxygen consumption
What does malate turn into?
Oxaloacetate
What transports the electrons and protons from NADH in cytoplasm into the matrix?
Malate
Is the NADH from cytoplasm transported into the matrix?
No only the electrons and protons, the cytoplasmic NAD stays in the cytoplasm and the Mitochondrial NAD stays in the mitochondria
Where does the malate-aspartate mainly work?
Liver, heart and kidney
Which shuttle mainly works in the brain and muscle?
Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle
Which shuttle is more efficient: glycerol 3-phosphate or Malate-aspertate?
Malate-aspartate
Which shuttle is faster: glycerol 3-phosphate or Malate-aspertate?
Glycerol 3-phosphate
NAD + H+ + 2e- -> ? (reduction)
NADH
Where is the electron transport chain?
Internal mitochondrial membrane
In the electron transport chain, where does the electrons from complex 1 go to?
Coezyme Q which goes to complex 3
In the electron transport chain, where does the electrons from complex 2 go to?
Coezyme Q which goes to complex 3
What pushes the proton outside in the electron transport chain?
Energy from the electrons changes the confirmation of the pore/complex which pushes the proton outside
How many protons does NADH produce?
3
How many protons to 1 ATP?
1
How many protons does FADH produce?
2
Can protons come out of complex 2 in the electron transport chain?
No
Through what can protons exit the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Complex 1, 3 and 4
Only way for protons to enter the mitochondrial matrix?
ATP synthase
Different name for ATP synthase
Complex 5
2 intermediate electron transporters in the electron transport chain
Coenzyme Q
Cytochrome C
Are the oxidations happening in the electron transport chain exergonic or endergonic?
Exergonic
What is the outer mitochondrial membrane permeable to?
Small ions and molecules (due to mitochondrial porin and channel proteins)
What its the inner mitochondrial membran impermeable to?
Most molecules
Is the internal mitochondrial membran rich or poor in proteins?
Rich
What allows for transport of molecules across the internal mitochondrial membrane?
Specialised transporters
What are the cristae?
Convolutions in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
The more active the cell is the more what does it have?
More cristae
What does nicotinamide nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases catalyse?
Reversible reactions
What is complex 1?
NADH dehydrogenase
What is complex 2?
Succinate dehydrogenase
What is complex 3?
Cytochrome C reductase
What is complex 4?
Cytochrome oxidase
Does succinate dehydrogenase transport protons?
No (it is complex 2)
What does cytochrome oxidase contain?
2 heme A
2 copper centers (A and B)
Name of coenzyme Q
Ubiquinone
What is coenzyme Q?
A lipid
How many electrons can coenzyme Q transport?
1 or 2
How many electrons can cytochromes transport?
1
What is cytochromes?
Protein with heme prosthetic groups
