oxidation, redox, uses of metals and alloys (44, 45, 21) (paper 2)

Question 1

what are most metals found in

Answer 1

ores

Question 2

how are unreactive metals found like gold and silver

Answer 2

they are uncombined

Question 3

what is a metal ore

Answer 3

a compound which contains enough of the metal to make it worthwhile extracting

Question 4

are there unlimited amounts of metal ores

Answer 4

no they’re finite resources

Question 5

is it easier or harder to extract a very reactive metal from its compound

Answer 5

it is harder to extract a more reactive metal from a compound

Question 6

what type of ores are found in common metals and how are they found

Answer 6

common metals like iron and aluminium are found in metal oxide ores

Question 7

how can metals be seperated from metal oxide ores

Answer 7

by a reduction reaction

Question 8

what happens in the most common type of reduction reaction

Answer 8

using carbon as a reduction agent to seperate the oxygen from the metal

Question 9

why do different metals require different extraction methods

Answer 9

because some metals are more reactive than others

Question 10

do very reactive metals form very stable ores

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what method of extraction is used to seperate out metals more reactive than carbon from its ore

Answer 11

electrolosis

Question 12

what is electrolosis

Answer 12

it uses electricity to seperate the metal from the other elements in the compound

Question 13

what metals are used most

Answer 13

• iron
• aluminium
• copper

Question 14

what are the beneficial properties of iron, aluminium and copper

Answer 14

• dense and shiny
• have high melting points
• hgih tensile strength
• malleable
• good conductors of electricity and heat

Question 15

what does the uses of iron, aluminum and copper depend on

Answer 15

their properties

Question 16

what are the uses of iron

Answer 16

wrought iron is used to make gates and railings although it rusts

Question 17

what are the uses of aluminium

Answer 17

• cans for drinks = doesn’t corrode when with water
• meterials for bike frames and aeroplanes = light metal

Question 18

what are the uses of copper

Answer 18

• wiring = low resistance and good conductor
• heating systems = good conductor

Question 19

how can metals be made stronger

Answer 19

by making them an alloy

Question 20

why are alloys stronger than pure metals

Answer 20

• different elements have different shaped atoms
• new atoms distort the layers of metal atoms
• making them more difficult to slide
• = they are harder

Question 21

what are alloys of iron called

Answer 21

steels

Question 22

how are steels made

Answer 22

by adding small amounts of carbon and sometime other metals

Question 23

what is brass formed from

Answer 23

copper and zinc

Question 24

what is bronze formed from

Answer 24

copper and tin

Question 25

what are the 3 different types of steel

Answer 25

• low carbon steel = malleable = cars
• high carbon steel = very strong = bridges
• stainless steel = corrosion-resisatnt, hard = cuttlery

Question 26

what is electric current

Answer 26

the flow of electrons or irons

Question 27

what happens when electrons or irons move

Answer 27

they cause the material to conduct electricity

Question 28

when do ionic compounds conduct electricity

Answer 28

when molton or in a solution

Question 29

why dont ionic compounds conduct when solid

Answer 29

because the ions cannot move

Question 30

what is the structure of metals

Answer 30

giant structures of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 31

what is metalic bonding

Answer 31

the electrostatic attractions between the nuclei of the positive ions and electrons

Question 32

why are metals malleable

Answer 32

because the layers of ions in a metal can slide over each other