overview of the control of movement Flashcards
1
Q
features of UMN disorders
A
- Spasticity
- Spastic weakness
- Brisk reflexes
- Positive Babinski reflex
2
Q
common causes of UMN damage
A
- Brain/brain stem – strokes, tumours,
* Spinal cord – MS, cord compression
3
Q
features of LMN disorders
A
- Weakness – flaccid
- Reduced tone
- Muscle wasting
- Fasciculations
- Absent deep tendon reflexes
4
Q
causes of LMN disorders
A
- Motor neuron – Polio
- Motor nerve roots – Guillain Barre syndrome
- Motor nerves – neuropathies
- Neuromuscular junction disorder – Myasthenia gravis
- Muscle disorders – Myositis, myopathies
5
Q
peripheral nerve damage
A
• Peripheral nerves are motor and sensory
• Same carry autonomic fibres
• Pathology could be axonal, demyelination or both
• When impaired features are:
o Numbness, tingling, burning, freezing pain
o Weakness and muscle wasting
o Poor balance as a result
o Deformities secondary to weakness
6
Q
causes of peripheral nerve damage
A
- Diabetes
- Idiopathic
- Leprosy
- HIV
- Deficiencies e.g. B12, folate
- Alcohol/toxins/drugs
- Hereditary neuropathies
- Metabolic abnormalities porphyria
7
Q
name a disorder of the NMJ
A
Myasthenia Gravis
8
Q
sliding filament theory
A
- During contraction thin filaments slide over thick filaments
- Thick filaments= myosin and have “heads”
- Thin filaments = actin, these slide
- Ca and ATP required for sliding and attachment
9
Q
myopathic patient
A
- Inflammatory causes e.g. dermatomyositis
- Toxic/metabolic – hypo/hyperthyroidism
- Inherited – Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Proximal muscles more affected
10
Q
symptoms of parkinson’s disease
A
T - Tremor
R - Rigidity
A - Akinesia/bradykinesia
P - Postural instability
11
Q
symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction
A
D -Dysdiadochokinesia (difficulty in carrying out rapid, alternating movements) A -Ataxia N - Nystagmus (coarse) I -Intention tremor S -Scanning speech H -Hypotonia
