Overview of Blood Disorders: Red and White Flashcards
What cells come from myeloid progenitor cells?
Every blood cell except for lymphocytes
What is the acronym for the abundance of WBC in the blood?
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
Neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte eosinophil basophil
Two different types of WBC disorders?
Leukopenia: too few
Proliferative: too many
What is the most common cause of agranulocytosis (neutropenia)?
Drug toxicity
What is leukocytosis?
An increase in number of WBCs
What is the most common leukopenia?
Neutropenia
Four factors that affect peripheral blood leukocyte count?
Size of myeloid and lymphoid precursors and storage pools
Rate of release from storage pools
Proportion of cells that marginalize
Rate of extravasation of cells from blood
What is acute myeloid leukemia?
Increased number of immature WB cells in bone marrow
What is myelodysplastic syndromes?
Increased immature WB cells in circulation
What is chronic myeloproliferative disorder?
Increased mature WB cells in circulation
What is the major difference between lymphoma and leukemia?
Lymphoma: cancerous cells come from lymph
Leukemia: cancerous cells come from bone marrow
What is anemia?
Reduction of total circulating red cell mass below normal limits
A low level of reduced glutathione is associated most directly with which of the following?
G6PD-deficiency
What does glutathione give RBCs?
Ability to protect themselves against oxidative injuries and lead to hemolysis (its a reducing agent)
What causes spherocytosis?
Inherited disorder caused by intrinsic defects in the red cell membrane skeleton that render the skeleton of RBCs spheroid
Where is the RBC mutation found in sickle cell anemia?
Beta-globin chain
Four major types of hemolytic anemias?
Hereditary Spherocytosis
G6PD-deficiency disorder
Sickle cell disease
Thalassemia
What does the inherited disorder thalassemia cause in RBCs structure?
Decreased synthesis of either alpha or beta chain adult hemoglobin
What is associated with pernicious anemia?
B12 deficiency
What is the proximate cause of anemia in vitamin B12 deficiency?
Folate (folic acid; B9)
What causes chronic and acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura?
Auto antibodies IgG
acute is in children and may be drug induced
What is Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura?
Pentad of hemolytic anemia, neuro defects, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, renal failure
