overview Flashcards
neurones receive information via?
synapses
other type of cell, which are more numerous than neurones?
glial cell
4 types of glial cell
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
star shaped cells which have role in support, maintaining the blood brain barrier?
astrocytes
where do oligodendrocytes produce myelin?
in the CNS, NOT the PNS
what are microglia?
antigen presenting/phagocytic cells of the brain
microglia: macrophages of the brain
appearance similar to a macrophage
Ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles?
ependymal cells
ependymal (polyvinal lining)
y
BLOOD VESSEL that supplies the back of the brain
basilar @ back
the dural venous sinuses drain into the?
internal jugular vein
how many pairs of spinal nerves arise from spinal cord?
31
spinal cord terminates in a cone shape known as the ?
conus medullaris
The spinal cord is suspended in the canal by a ribbon of tissue on the lateral aspects of the cord called the
denticulate ligament (down the sides)
COLOUR OF THE OUTER LAYER AND INNER LAYER OF THE SPINE
outer layer is grey, with a white h shape inside (opposite of brain)
white matter in the spinal cord is split into fascicle. what are they?
anterior, posterior and lateral fasciculi
at which spinal segments do sympathetic nerves emerge?
T1-L2
what does the lateral horn contain ?
preganglionic sympathetic neurons
Unlike the dura in the cranial cavity, which is attached to the periosteum, what is the difference in the spine?
there is a space between the dura and the bone, termed the epidural space, which contains adipose tissue and the anterior and posterior epidural venus plexuses
in which areas is the cord larger?
cervical and lumbar regions
what does the spinothalamic tract carry?
pain, temperature and deep pressure
what tract is responsible for Fine, precise movement, particularly of distal limb muscles (e.g. digits)
corticospinal
what is the corticospinal tract also known as?
pyramidal tract (c for cairo)
About 85% of fibres in CST cross where?
decussation of the pyramids
in the pyramidal tract, 85% of fibres cross at the decussation of the pyramids. which part of the brain is this in?
medulla
There are a number of motor systems outside of the pyramidal tract and these are often referred to collectively as the?
extrapyramidal system
what tract is thought to mediate reflex head and neck movement due to visual stimuli?
tectospinal tract (technical)
In general: Fibres originating in pons facilitate?
extensor movement (expanding belly)
fibres originating in the medulla ?
facilitate flexor movements, inhibit extensor
vestibulospinal tract- excitatory input to?
anti gravity extendor muscles
