cells of the neuro system

Question 1

receive inputs from other neurones and convey graded electrical signals passively to the soma

Answer 1

dendrites

Question 2

synthetic and metabolic centre. Contains the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

cell body (soma)

Question 3

site of initiation of the ‘all or none’ action potential?

Answer 3

axon hillock

Question 4

conducts output signals as action potentials to other neurones (or other cells). Mediates transport of materials between the soma and presynaptic terminal (anterograde direction) and vice versa ?

Answer 4

axon

Question 5

point of chemical (usually) communication between neurones (or other cells)

Answer 5

synapse

Question 6

when a neurone is depolarising, what electrolyte comes in ?

Answer 6

Na

Question 7

during depolarisation which electrolyte leaves neurone?

Answer 7

k

Question 8

why do passive signals not spread far from their site of origin?

Answer 8

nerve cell membrane is leaky

Question 9

what can you do to increase passive current spread?

Answer 9

increase axon diameter, adding more myelin sheath

Question 10

which cells add insulating material (myelin sheath) in the PNS and CNS?

Answer 10

oligodendrocytes in CNS and schwann cells in PNS

Question 11

difference in conduction between myelinated axons and non myelinated?

Answer 11

much faster in myelinated

Question 12

action potential jumps from one node of ? to the next

Answer 12

ranvier

Question 13

Types of synapse (2)?

Answer 13

excitatory,inhibitory

Question 14

In the CNS, what is the transmitter in an excitatory synapse?

Answer 14

glutamate (glutes)

Question 15

what are the major amino acid neurotransmitters in the CNS?

Answer 15

GABA, glutamate and glycine

Question 16

common neurotransmitters in the inhibitory synapse?

Answer 16

GABA and glycine (GABA exhibit excitement)

Question 17

what kind of response does glutamate generate?

Answer 17

local, graded, excitatory (depolarizing) response: the excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.)

Question 18

WHAT KIND OF RESPONSE DOES GABA AND GLYCINE GENERATE?

Answer 18

a local, graded, inhibitory (hyperpolarizing) response: the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (i.p.s.p.)

Question 19

why do some cells have net excitation and some net inhibition?

Answer 19

many inputs converge upon a neurone to determine its output

Question 20

what are glycine and glutamate?

Answer 20

amino acids

Question 21

where is GABA synthesised?

Answer 21

in the neurones that release it

Question 22

Enzymes are synthesized in the cell body and are transported to the presynaptic terminal by ?

Answer 22

axoplasmic transport

Question 23

what mediates synthesis within the cytoplasm of neurotransmitter from precursor substances?

Answer 23

enzymes

Question 24

Synthesis of precursor peptide by ?

Answer 24

ribosomes