General Neurology

Question 1

If the lesion is above the anterior horn cell (i.e. spinal cord, brain stem, motor cortex). what kind of sign would this give?

Answer 1

upper motor neurone sign

Question 2

LOWER MOTOR NEURONE SIGN. where is the lesion?

Answer 2

the lesion is either in the anterior horn cell or distal to the anterior horn cell (i.e. anterior horn cell, root, plexus, peripheral nerve)

Question 3

increased reflexes - upper motor neurone sign or lower?

Answer 3

upper

Question 4

arreflexia - upper or lower?

Answer 4

lower

Question 5

increased muscle tone (spasticity), upper or lower?

Answer 5

upper

Question 6

weakness and wasting (atrophy) in the muscle(s), upper or lower?

Answer 6

lower

Question 7

muscle wasting ?

Answer 7

this is a lower motor neurone sign

Question 8

generally flexors weaker than extensors in the legs and the reverse in the arms. what kind of weakness is this known as?

Answer 8

pyramidal pattern of weakness

Question 9

hyper reflexia, upper or lower ?

Answer 9

upper (respond quickly)

Question 10

exaggerated law jerk, upper or lower?

Answer 10

upper

Question 11

fasciculations, u or l?

Answer 11

lower (shaking)

Question 12

what is picks disease a form of ?

Answer 12

frontotemporal dementia

Question 13

picks disease characterised by?

Answer 13

personality change and impaired social conduct

Question 14

inserting inappropriate objects in mouth, disinhibition, increased appetite and perseveration behaviours?

Answer 14

picks disease

Question 15

what macroscopic changes would you get in picks disease?

Answer 15

Pick bodies - spherical aggregations of tau protein (silver-staining)
Gliosis
Neurofibrillary tangles
Senile plaques

Question 16

you get Atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobe. What is characteristic of picks

Answer 16

Focal gyral atrophy with a knife-blade appearance

Question 17

gold standard test for cervical myelopathy ?

Answer 17

An MRI of the cervical spine

Question 18

treatment for restless leg syndrome ?

Answer 18

ropinorole (Restless leg Ropinorole)

Question 19

Symmetrical muscle weakness, that usually begins in the lower legs, and ascends to the upper limbs, and even the face. Occurs several weeks after viral illness?

Answer 19

guillan barre syndrome