basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 1

cerebellum made up of ?

Answer 1

anterior and posterior lobe

Question 2

The cerebellum is attached to the brainstem via?

Answer 2

3 stalks termed Peduncles

Question 3

outputs from the cerebellum?

Answer 3

the only output is via the axons of Purkinje cells which mainly synapse on neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 4

lesion on the right side of the cerebellum will affect which side of the body?

Answer 4

ipsilateral so right

Question 5

Unilateral hemispheric lesion in cerebellum causes?

Answer 5

Disturbance of coordination in limbs. Can result in intention tremor and unsteady gait in the absence of weakness or sensory loss.

Question 6

what is dysarthria?

Answer 6

slow, slurred speech

Question 7

Bilateral cerebellar dysfunction, what would patient be like?

Answer 7

dysarthria, bilateral incoordination of the arms and a staggering, wide based gait (cerebellar ataxia).

Question 8

what is inability to produce language, although understanding is generally intact?

Answer 8

aphasia (a for apple)

Question 9

what is expressive aphasia also known as?

Answer 9

Brocas aphasia

Question 10

what typically results in bilateral cerebellar hemisphere dysfunction and presents with cerebellar ataxia in A and E?

Answer 10

acute alcohol exposure

Question 11

what are the functions of the basal ganglia?

Answer 11

facilitate purposeful movement
inhibit unwanted movements
role in posture and muscle tone

Question 12

a number of masses of grey matter located near the base of each cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 12

basal ganglia

Question 13

name the components of the basal ganglia?

Answer 13

caudate nucleus 
putamen 
globus pallidus 
subthalamic nucleus 
substantia nigra

Question 14

darkly stained section of the basal ganglia?

Answer 14

substantia nigra

Question 15

what is the pathology of parkinsons disease?

Answer 15

degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantial nigra

Question 16

the basal ganglia works with the motor complex to enhance what?

Answer 16

enhance the outflow of the thalamus, enhancing the desired movement

Question 17

how does the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to inhibit unwanted movement ?

Answer 17

inhibits outflow of the thalamus

Question 18

Unilateral lesions of the basal ganglia affect which side of body?

Answer 18

contralateral

Question 19

what are dyskinesias?

Answer 19

abnormal, involuntary movements

Question 20

what are examples of dyskinesias?

Answer 20

tremor (sinusoidal movements)
chorea (rapid asymmetrical movements, usually affecting distal limb musculature)
myoclonus (muscle jerks)

Question 21

signs of parkinsons disease?

Answer 21

akinesia, resting tremor, rigidity

Question 22

what is akinesia?

Answer 22

absence of movement

Question 23

what is the inheritance pattern of huntingtons disease?

Answer 23

autosomal dominant

Question 24

pathology of huntingtons disease?

Answer 24

progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

Question 25

signs of huntingtons disease?

Answer 25

chorea and progressive dementia

Question 26

i what conditions do you get change in basal ganglia function?

Answer 26

huntingtons and parkinsons

Question 27

where are intended movements initially planned?

Answer 27

motor cortex