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Radiology > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

radiolucent

A

allows the passage of x rays

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2
Q

radiopaque

A

blocks the passage of x rays

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3
Q

interface

A

the place were two tissues with different densities meet

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4
Q

what is something that is radiolucent

A

air

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5
Q

what is something that is radiopaque

A

bone, metal

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6
Q

why is the density of a substance relevant to radiography

A

because different tissues have different densities, which creates variation of exposure and create interfaces

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7
Q

what are the five radiographic densities? how do they look on x ray

A
  1. Gas (black)
  2. Fat (grey)
  3. Fluid/soft tissue (grey)
  4. Bone (white)
  5. metal (white
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8
Q

when is it possible to see distinctions between substances on x ray

A

when there is an interface between the structures

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9
Q

silhouette sign

A

when there is no distinction bewteen tissues that should have an interface

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10
Q

identify 1-5

A
  1. air
  2. fat
  3. fluid
  4. bone
  5. metal
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11
Q

what happens to xrays as they pass through tissue

A

they are attunated a differenr rates

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12
Q

what happens when the object of a xray image is closer to the source? closer to the plate?

A

being close to the source will make the image blurry, close to the plate will make the image more clear

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13
Q

what are five benfits of digital imaging

A
  1. no x ray film cost
  2. no lost films
  3. no storage needed
  4. no one needs to go get films
  5. xrays are easy to manipulate
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14
Q

view

A

refers to the image as it is seen on a radiograph

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15
Q

position

A

the poster of the patient during the exam

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16
Q

projection

A

refers to the direction of the central beam

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17
Q

what are seven common views for xray

A
  1. PA
  2. AP
  3. lateral
  4. lordotic
  5. oblique
  6. lateal decubitus
  7. ap recumbent
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18
Q

what is the position of the patient in a PA? what is it useful for

A

the patient is standing facing the plate with the projection coming from behind

it defines the borders of the heart

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19
Q

what is the position of the patient in a AP? what is it useful for

A

standing with their back against the plate and the projection coming from in front

makes the heart borders less distinct

20
Q

what position is the patient in during a lateral? how are they named

A

standing with one side against the plate and the projection coming from the other side

they are named by the side that is closest to the film

21
Q

what is the position of the patient in for a lordotic xray? what is it useful for

A

standing AP with their back arched and upper back against the plate

the elevate the clavicles over the apices of the lungs and make them easier to see

22
Q

what is the position of the patient in an oblique view? what are they useful for

A

a lateral xray with the patient slightly turned forward or backward

to see around the heart

23
Q

what is the position of the patient in lateral decubitus? what is it useful for

A

an PA projection with the patient lying on their side

it can be used to look for free fluid in the chest as it settles to the down side

24
Q

how are lateral decubitus xrays named

A

by the side that is lying down

25
Q

T/F one view is sufficied for most radiography

A

false, two views at right angles to each other are suggested to get a better 3D idea

26
Q

seven divisions of radiology

A
  1. diagnostics
  2. mammography
  3. ultrasound
  4. computed tomography
  5. magnetic resonance imaging
  6. nuclear medicine
  7. interventional radiology
27
Q

what are the pros and cons of diagnostic radiology

A

pros: inexpensive, easily obtained
cons: limited range of densities, uses ionizing radiation

28
Q

what is a common use for an abdominal x ray

A

looking for free air in the abdomen

29
Q

what are three types of procedures found in diagnostic radiology

A
  1. barium studies
  2. genitourinary studies
  3. myelography
30
Q

what are three examples of a barium study

A
  1. barium swallow
  2. barium enema
  3. small bowel follow through
31
Q

mammography

A

a very accurate method of detecting breast masses using radiography

32
Q

T/F an abnormal breast exam should have mammography and ultrasound

A

true

33
Q

what is ultrasound most useful for? what are the pros?

A

obstetrics, renal function, spleen, liver, aorta

inexpensive and widely available with no ionizing radiation

34
Q

what does a CT do

A

uses Xrays to make a 3D image

35
Q

what are the best used for? what are the pros and cons?

A

bone imaging

pros: quick, painless, more information that xray
cons: expensive, lots of radiation

36
Q

what is MRI best used for? what are the pros and cons?

A

soft tissue pathology

pros: can see soft tissue well
cons: expensive, magnetic objects are a hazard, need to lay still

37
Q

what is MR arthography? what is used for

A

a new type of MRI that uses gadolinium injected into the joint

it is used to evaluate unstable or post operative joints

38
Q

what is nuclear medicine

A

the adminstration of a radioisotope which emits gamma rays that are recorded

39
Q

what is nuclear medicine used for

A

the diagnosis of cardiac, respiratory, neoplastic, infectious diseases

40
Q

interventional radiology

A

trained xray techs performing specialized procedures with contrast imaging

41
Q

what are some common procedures in interventional radiology

A

PIC lines, thoracentesis, paracentesis, biopsies, aneurysm coiling

42
Q

why is it important to know the diagnosis before you order radiography

A

so you know what the best test is to look for the problem you want and not fishing to limit xray exposure

43
Q

when is it appropriate to order an xray

A

when a physical exam can’t show you all you need to know

legality

44
Q

what are four ways to assess the quality of a radiograph

A
  1. did you get what you ordered?
  2. are the films useful in evaluation
  3. is there adequate contrast
  4. are both joints visible on a long bone film
45
Q

what are four ways a patient can affect test results

A
  1. age
  2. mental status
  3. physical limitations
  4. uncooperative or allergic to contrast
46
Q

why is it important to provide history to the reading radiologist

A

so he can help provde with a more concise diagnosis

47
Q

lag time

A

the time between when symptoms occur and when there are radiographic changes

Radiology (14 decks)

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