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Overview Flashcards

1
Q

radiolucent

A

allows the passage of x rays

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2
Q

radiopaque

A

blocks the passage of x rays

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3
Q

interface

A

the place were two tissues with different densities meet

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4
Q

what is something that is radiolucent

A

air

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5
Q

what is something that is radiopaque

A

bone, metal

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6
Q

why is the density of a substance relevant to radiography

A

because different tissues have different densities, which creates variation of exposure and create interfaces

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7
Q

what are the five radiographic densities? how do they look on x ray

A
  1. Gas (black)
  2. Fat (grey)
  3. Fluid/soft tissue (grey)
  4. Bone (white)
  5. metal (white
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8
Q

when is it possible to see distinctions between substances on x ray

A

when there is an interface between the structures

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9
Q

silhouette sign

A

when there is no distinction bewteen tissues that should have an interface

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10
Q

identify 1-5

A
  1. air
  2. fat
  3. fluid
  4. bone
  5. metal
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11
Q

what happens to xrays as they pass through tissue

A

they are attunated a differenr rates

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12
Q

what happens when the object of a xray image is closer to the source? closer to the plate?

A

being close to the source will make the image blurry, close to the plate will make the image more clear

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13
Q

what are five benfits of digital imaging

A
  1. no x ray film cost
  2. no lost films
  3. no storage needed
  4. no one needs to go get films
  5. xrays are easy to manipulate
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14
Q

view

A

refers to the image as it is seen on a radiograph

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15
Q

position

A

the poster of the patient during the exam

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16
Q

projection

A

refers to the direction of the central beam

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17
Q

what are seven common views for xray

A
  1. PA
  2. AP
  3. lateral
  4. lordotic
  5. oblique
  6. lateal decubitus
  7. ap recumbent
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18
Q

what is the position of the patient in a PA? what is it useful for

A

the patient is standing facing the plate with the projection coming from behind

it defines the borders of the heart

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19
Q

what is the position of the patient in a AP? what is it useful for

A

standing with their back against the plate and the projection coming from in front

makes the heart borders less distinct

20
Q

what position is the patient in during a lateral? how are they named

A

standing with one side against the plate and the projection coming from the other side

they are named by the side that is closest to the film

21
Q

what is the position of the patient in for a lordotic xray? what is it useful for

A

standing AP with their back arched and upper back against the plate

the elevate the clavicles over the apices of the lungs and make them easier to see

22
Q

what is the position of the patient in an oblique view? what are they useful for

A

a lateral xray with the patient slightly turned forward or backward

to see around the heart

23
Q

what is the position of the patient in lateral decubitus? what is it useful for

A

an PA projection with the patient lying on their side

it can be used to look for free fluid in the chest as it settles to the down side

24
Q

how are lateral decubitus xrays named

A

by the side that is lying down

25
T/F one view is sufficied for most radiography
false, two views at right angles to each other are suggested to get a better 3D idea
26
seven divisions of radiology
1. diagnostics 2. mammography 3. ultrasound 4. computed tomography 5. magnetic resonance imaging 6. nuclear medicine 7. interventional radiology
27
what are the pros and cons of diagnostic radiology
pros: inexpensive, easily obtained cons: limited range of densities, uses ionizing radiation
28
what is a common use for an abdominal x ray
looking for free air in the abdomen
29
what are three types of procedures found in diagnostic radiology
1. barium studies 2. genitourinary studies 3. myelography
30
what are three examples of a barium study
1. barium swallow 2. barium enema 3. small bowel follow through
31
mammography
a very accurate method of detecting breast masses using radiography
32
T/F an abnormal breast exam should have mammography and ultrasound
true
33
what is ultrasound most useful for? what are the pros?
obstetrics, renal function, spleen, liver, aorta inexpensive and widely available with no ionizing radiation
34
what does a CT do
uses Xrays to make a 3D image
35
what are the best used for? what are the pros and cons?
bone imaging pros: quick, painless, more information that xray cons: expensive, lots of radiation
36
what is MRI best used for? what are the pros and cons?
soft tissue pathology pros: can see soft tissue well cons: expensive, magnetic objects are a hazard, need to lay still
37
what is MR arthography? what is used for
a new type of MRI that uses gadolinium injected into the joint it is used to evaluate unstable or post operative joints
38
what is nuclear medicine
the adminstration of a radioisotope which emits gamma rays that are recorded
39
what is nuclear medicine used for
the diagnosis of cardiac, respiratory, neoplastic, infectious diseases
40
interventional radiology
trained xray techs performing specialized procedures with contrast imaging
41
what are some common procedures in interventional radiology
PIC lines, thoracentesis, paracentesis, biopsies, aneurysm coiling
42
why is it important to know the diagnosis before you order radiography
so you know what the best test is to look for the problem you want and not fishing to limit xray exposure
43
when is it appropriate to order an xray
when a physical exam can't show you all you need to know legality
44
what are four ways to assess the quality of a radiograph
1. did you get what you ordered? 2. are the films useful in evaluation 3. is there adequate contrast 4. are both joints visible on a long bone film
45
what are four ways a patient can affect test results
1. age 2. mental status 3. physical limitations 4. uncooperative or allergic to contrast
46
why is it important to provide history to the reading radiologist
so he can help provde with a more concise diagnosis
47
lag time
the time between when symptoms occur and when there are radiographic changes

Radiology (14 decks)

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