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Radiology > Normal Extremities > Flashcards

Normal Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

volar surface

A

palmar

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2
Q

epiphysis

A

the end of a long bone

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3
Q

physis

A

the growth plate

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4
Q

diaphysisq

A

shaft of a long bone

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5
Q

metaphysis

A

the portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis

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6
Q

cortex

A

the outer portion of bone

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7
Q

what are the ABCS to review on an extremity radiograph

A
  • Anatomy/alignment/arthritis/anonmalies
  • Boney structures
  • calcification
  • soft tissue abnormalties
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8
Q

what specifically should be inspected when evaluating boney structures on an extremity radiograph

A

contour, fractures, dislocations

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9
Q

what are some specific indications of fracture

A
  • disruptions in the cortex
  • radiolucent fracture lines
  • compression
  • bone fragments
  • impaction
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10
Q

what are the 7 views used to evaluate the shoulder

A
  1. AP
  2. external rotation
  3. internal rotation
  4. grashey
  5. axillary
  6. scapular Y view
  7. outlet view
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11
Q

Besides the ABCS what four signs should be looked for on a shoulder radiograph

A
  1. lung lesions
  2. pneumothorax
  3. rib fractures
  4. widening mediastinum
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12
Q

what is external rotation AP used to evauluate

A

the glenohumoral joint

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13
Q

what is an internal rotation AP used to evaluate

A

the greater and lesser humoral tuberosities

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14
Q

what is the grashey view used for

A

to evaulate the glenohumoral joint for replacement by looking through the joint, parallel to the glenoid

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15
Q

what is the scapular Y view used for

A

to rule out scapula fracture

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16
Q

what is the outlet view of the shoulder?

what is it used for?

A

a variation of the scapular Y with the beam tilted caudal 5-10 degrees

bone spurs on the acromion, bursitis, rotator cuff issues

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17
Q

why do you need too see both ends of a long bone on an xray

A

because a long bone fracture could lead to dislocation at the proximal or distal end

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18
Q

what two views are used to evaluate the upper arm

A

AP and lateral

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19
Q

what two views are used to evaluate the elbow

A

AP and lateral

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20
Q

when might you order a oblique elbow xray

A

when you suspect pathology but the AP and lateral are unremarkable

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21
Q

why would a suspected elbow dislocation indicate getting a forearm xray

A

because elbow dislocations are common in forearm fracture

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22
Q

aside from ABCS what specific signs can indicate pathology on an elbow xray

A

anterior or posterior fat pad

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23
Q

anterior fat pad sign

A

a hazy “sail” shape anterior to the elbow that indicates inflammation

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24
Q

posterior fat pad sign

A

a sail shape that is usually obscured by bone but can be visable if there is fluid in the elbow

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25
Q

T/F posterior fat pad sign is always and indication of trauma

A

False, it can be related to any fluid in the joint

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26
Q

why are comparison view often helpful

A

because they let you see what normal anatomy looks like for that person, including growth plates

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27
Q

what two views are used to evaluate the forearm

A

AP and lateral

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28
Q

why is the an AP view of the hand really a PA view?

A

because the hand is usually placed palm down on the plate, so the beam goes from dorsal fo volar

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29
Q

why is a scaphoid view important

A

a scaphoid fracture is hard to see and is often a source of litigation

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30
Q

what should you do if a patient presents with pain in the anatomical snuff box but a normal xray

A

treat it like a scaphoid fracture

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31
Q

pronator fat pad

A

a ventral bulging of fat over the pronator quaratus

it is usually indicative of fracture, though it can be seen with soft tissue injury

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32
Q

what is a pronator fat pad indicative of in children

A

an occult fracture of the growth plate, though absence doesn’t rule out fracture

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33
Q

what views are used to evaluate the hand

A

AP, lateral, oblique

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34
Q

what are sesamoid bones? why are they relevant

A

small bones embedded in tendons that slide over a joint

they can be confused for bone fragments or fractures

35
Q
A

1st metacarpal

36
Q
A

2nd metacarpal

37
Q
A

3rd metacarpal

38
Q
A

4th metacarpal

39
Q
A

5th metacarpal

40
Q
A

acromioclavicular joint

41
Q
A

acromion

42
Q
A

capitate

43
Q
A

capitulum

44
Q
A

clavicle

45
Q
A

coracoid process

46
Q
A

coranoid process

47
Q
A

distal interphalangeal joints

48
Q
A

distal phalanges

49
Q
A

epiphyseal plate

50
Q
A

glenoid fossa

51
Q
A

greater tubercle

52
Q
A

hamate

53
Q
A

head of the humerus

54
Q
A

hook of the hamate

55
Q
A

inferior angle of the scapula

56
Q
A

lateral border of the scapula

57
Q
A

lateral epicondyle

58
Q
A

lesser tubercle

59
Q
A

lunate

60
Q
A

metacarpophalangeal joint

61
Q
A

medial border of the scapula

62
Q
A

medial epicondyle

63
Q
A

middle phalanges

64
Q
A

olecranon fossa

65
Q
A

olecranon

66
Q
A

olecranon

67
Q
A

proximal interphalangeal joint of the thumb

68
Q
A

proximal interphalangeal joints

69
Q
A

pisiform

70
Q
A

proximal phlanges

71
Q
A

radial head

72
Q
A

radial neck

73
Q
A

radial tuberosity

74
Q
A

radius

75
Q
A

scaphoid

76
Q
A

surgical neck of the humerus

77
Q
A

trapezium

78
Q
A

trapezoid

79
Q
A

triquetrum

80
Q
A

trochlea

81
Q
A

trochlear notch

82
Q
A

ulna

83
Q
A

Radiology (14 decks)

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