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Normal Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

volar surface

A

palmar

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2
Q

epiphysis

A

the end of a long bone

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3
Q

physis

A

the growth plate

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4
Q

diaphysisq

A

shaft of a long bone

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5
Q

metaphysis

A

the portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis

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6
Q

cortex

A

the outer portion of bone

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7
Q

what are the ABCS to review on an extremity radiograph

A
  • Anatomy/alignment/arthritis/anonmalies
  • Boney structures
  • calcification
  • soft tissue abnormalties
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8
Q

what specifically should be inspected when evaluating boney structures on an extremity radiograph

A

contour, fractures, dislocations

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9
Q

what are some specific indications of fracture

A
  • disruptions in the cortex
  • radiolucent fracture lines
  • compression
  • bone fragments
  • impaction
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10
Q

what are the 7 views used to evaluate the shoulder

A
  1. AP
  2. external rotation
  3. internal rotation
  4. grashey
  5. axillary
  6. scapular Y view
  7. outlet view
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11
Q

Besides the ABCS what four signs should be looked for on a shoulder radiograph

A
  1. lung lesions
  2. pneumothorax
  3. rib fractures
  4. widening mediastinum
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12
Q

what is external rotation AP used to evauluate

A

the glenohumoral joint

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13
Q

what is an internal rotation AP used to evaluate

A

the greater and lesser humoral tuberosities

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14
Q

what is the grashey view used for

A

to evaulate the glenohumoral joint for replacement by looking through the joint, parallel to the glenoid

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15
Q

what is the scapular Y view used for

A

to rule out scapula fracture

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16
Q

what is the outlet view of the shoulder?

what is it used for?

A

a variation of the scapular Y with the beam tilted caudal 5-10 degrees

bone spurs on the acromion, bursitis, rotator cuff issues

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17
Q

why do you need too see both ends of a long bone on an xray

A

because a long bone fracture could lead to dislocation at the proximal or distal end

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18
Q

what two views are used to evaluate the upper arm

A

AP and lateral

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19
Q

what two views are used to evaluate the elbow

A

AP and lateral

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20
Q

when might you order a oblique elbow xray

A

when you suspect pathology but the AP and lateral are unremarkable

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21
Q

why would a suspected elbow dislocation indicate getting a forearm xray

A

because elbow dislocations are common in forearm fracture

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22
Q

aside from ABCS what specific signs can indicate pathology on an elbow xray

A

anterior or posterior fat pad

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23
Q

anterior fat pad sign

A

a hazy “sail” shape anterior to the elbow that indicates inflammation

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24
Q

posterior fat pad sign

A

a sail shape that is usually obscured by bone but can be visable if there is fluid in the elbow

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25
T/F posterior fat pad sign is always and indication of trauma
False, it can be related to any fluid in the joint
26
why are comparison view often helpful
because they let you see what normal anatomy looks like for that person, including growth plates
27
what two views are used to evaluate the forearm
AP and lateral
28
why is the an AP view of the hand really a PA view?
because the hand is usually placed palm down on the plate, so the beam goes from dorsal fo volar
29
why is a scaphoid view important
a scaphoid fracture is hard to see and is often a source of litigation
30
what should you do if a patient presents with pain in the anatomical snuff box but a normal xray
treat it like a scaphoid fracture
31
pronator fat pad
a ventral bulging of fat over the pronator quaratus it is usually indicative of fracture, though it can be seen with soft tissue injury
32
what is a pronator fat pad indicative of in children
an occult fracture of the growth plate, though absence doesn't rule out fracture
33
what views are used to evaluate the hand
AP, lateral, oblique
34
what are sesamoid bones? why are they relevant
small bones embedded in tendons that slide over a joint they can be confused for bone fragments or fractures
35
1st metacarpal
36
2nd metacarpal
37
3rd metacarpal
38
4th metacarpal
39
5th metacarpal
40
acromioclavicular joint
41
acromion
42
capitate
43
capitulum
44
clavicle
45
coracoid process
46
coranoid process
47
distal interphalangeal joints
48
distal phalanges
49
epiphyseal plate
50
glenoid fossa
51
greater tubercle
52
hamate
53
head of the humerus
54
hook of the hamate
55
inferior angle of the scapula
56
lateral border of the scapula
57
lateral epicondyle
58
lesser tubercle
59
lunate
60
metacarpophalangeal joint
61
medial border of the scapula
62
medial epicondyle
63
middle phalanges
64
olecranon fossa
65
olecranon
66
olecranon
67
proximal interphalangeal joint of the thumb
68
proximal interphalangeal joints
69
pisiform
70
proximal phlanges
71
radial head
72
radial neck
73
radial tuberosity
74
radius
75
scaphoid
76
surgical neck of the humerus
77
trapezium
78
trapezoid
79
triquetrum
80
trochlea
81
trochlear notch
82
ulna
83

Radiology (14 decks)

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