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Radiology > Chest > Flashcards

Chest Flashcards

1
Q

what 8 views are used to view the chest

A
  1. PA
  2. AP
  3. lateral
  4. inspiratory
  5. expiratory
  6. lordotic
  7. decubitus
  8. oblique
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2
Q

what is the gold standard view?

why

A

PA

it gives maximum visabilty of the heart

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3
Q

what view is this?

give three indicators

A

PA chest

  1. clavicles are low
  2. heart is well defined
  3. diaphragm is more flat
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4
Q
A

aortic arch

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5
Q
A

diaphragm

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6
Q
A

left ventricle

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7
Q
A

liver

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8
Q
A

pulmonary artery

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9
Q
A

right atrium

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10
Q
A

right mainstem bronchus

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11
Q
A

stomach

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12
Q
A

trachea

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13
Q

why is an AP view usually taken supine

A

they are taken on the portable when the patient cant make it to radiology

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14
Q

what view is this?

three indentifiers

A
  1. diaphragm is more lifted
  2. clavicle is higher
  3. heart is less defined
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15
Q

how far is the xray source from the plate in an AP? PA? Lateral?

A

AP is 3 feet

PA is 6 feet

lateral is 6 feet

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16
Q

what lateral view would you get for a left sided lesion

A

a left lateral view

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17
Q

three rules of a lateral chest x ray

A
  1. diaphragm shadows should be clear
  2. show of the upper vertebrae is whiter than the lower
  3. retrosternal and retrocardiac spaces should both be the same color and are both normally dark
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18
Q
A

diaphragm shadow

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19
Q
A

retrosternal space

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20
Q
A

retrocardiac space

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21
Q
A

lateral chest

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22
Q

what is this? when would you take this?

A

expiratory AP

looking for pneumothorax

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23
Q
A

aortic arch

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24
Q
A

pulmonary artery

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25
Q
A

right ventricle

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26
Q
A

left ventricle

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27
Q

what is the difference between these two radiographs

A

the left is inspiratory, right is inspiratory

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28
Q

why is a lordotic view done

A

to see the apices of the lungs

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29
Q
A

lordotic

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30
Q

what is this view? why is it done

A

decubitus

looking for an air fluid level

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31
Q

what is this view? why is it done

A

oblique

to look around the heart at the trachea, esophagus, or vertebrae

32
Q

five boney structure of the thorax

A
  1. ribs
  2. clavicles
  3. shoulder articulation
  4. spine
  5. scapula
33
Q

what are the individual sides of the diaphragm called

A

left and right hemidiaphragm

34
Q

hilum

A

the origin of the lungs

35
Q

list the lobes of the left and right lungs

A

left: upper and lingual, lower
right: upper, middle, lower

36
Q

two fissures of the lungs visable on chest xray

A

major and minor

37
Q

mediastinum

A

the extrapleural space between the lungs

38
Q

two pleural layers visable on chest xray

A

parietal and visceral

39
Q

what are the three costophrenic angles

A

anterior, posterior, lateral

deep recesses formed by the diaphragm and the ribs on PA and lateral views

40
Q
A

lateral costophrenic angles

41
Q
A

Ap costophrenic angles

42
Q

hilum of the lungs

A

where the pulmonary arteries enter the lung and branch off

43
Q

where are the pulmonary arteries found on radiograph

A

superior to the atria on both sides

the left pulmonary artery is inferior to the aortic arch

44
Q

lung markings

A

A Left upper

B Right Upper

C Right middle lobe

D Lingula

E Right lower lobe

Left Lower Lobe

45
Q
A

left and right hilar points

46
Q

when can you see lung fissures on a chest xray

A

when the beam is parallel to the fissure

47
Q

describe the orientation of the lung fissures with respect to the lobes

A

the left oblique fissure separates the upper and lower lobe

the right oblique fissures separates the middle and lower lobe

the horizontal fissure separates the upper and middle lobe

48
Q
A

horizontal fissure

49
Q
A

horizontal and oblique fissure

50
Q

what 6 structures are found in the mediastinum

A
  1. heart
  2. great vessels
  3. trachea
  4. mainstem bronchi
  5. esophagus
  6. lymph nodes
51
Q

name the three parts of the bronchial tree

define the first part

A

carina, bronchi, bronchioles

carina: the bifurcation of the trachea into bronchi

52
Q
A

anterior/middle/posterior mediastinum

53
Q

vascular structures

A

A Right Pulmonary artery

B Knob of the aortic arch

C Right pulmonary artery

D Left pulmonary artery

E Right pulmonary artery (lower lobe)

F RIght border fo the heart

G inferior vena cava

54
Q
A

A Left brachial vein

B Superior vena cava

C Ascending aorta

D Aorta

E Pulmonary artery

F Left Pulmonary artery

55
Q
A

A Pulmonary vein

B Right atria

C aortic valve

D mitral valve

E tricuspid valve

F Right ventricle

G Lefr ventricle

56
Q
A

A Superior vena cava

B azygoesphageal recess

C right main pulmonary artery

D right descending pulmonary artery

E Right atrium

F cardio phrenic angle

G Liver

H Breast Shadow

57
Q
A

A aortic arch

B aortopulmonary window

C descending pulmonary artery

D left atrium

E left ventricle

F gastric bubble

G splenic flexure of the colon

H descending aorta

58
Q

what does the parietal pleura cover?

visceral pleura?

what is the space between them?

A

the interior of the chest wall

the lungs

a potential space that can fill with air or fluid

59
Q

what are the structures of the lungs that should be noted in alphabetical order

(D, E, and H have two things)

A

A- airway

B- bones

C- cardiac

D- densities and diaphragms

E- effusions and equal lung fields

F- foreign bodies

G- gastric bubble

H- hilum and mediastinum

I- inspiration

60
Q

define the mnemonic Are There Many Lung Lesions

A

Abdomen

Thorax

Mediastinum

Lungs individually

Lungs comparitively

61
Q

what structures should be examined in a systematic review of a chest xray (9)

A
  1. general
  2. bony structures
  3. soft tissues
  4. lungs
  5. pleura
  6. hila
  7. fissures
  8. mediastinum
  9. artificial changes
62
Q

during a systematic review of CXR, what are the features examined on general overiew (6)

A
  1. contrast
  2. projection
  3. orientation L.R
  4. correct patient
  5. correct films
  6. inspiration
63
Q

what four bony structures should be examined on a systematic review of a CXR

A
  1. shoulder joint
  2. ribs
  3. spine
  4. scapula
64
Q

when examining soft tissue (lung, breast, diaphragm) on CXR what four qualities should be noted

A
  1. thickness
  2. contour
  3. foreign body
  4. densities
65
Q

what three features of the lungs should be reviewed on CXR

A
  1. pulmonary vessels
  2. airspace
  3. interstitial pattern
66
Q

when examining the lung air space, what would be four features you might note

A
  1. nodules
  2. masses
  3. atelectasis
  4. COPD
67
Q

two examples of diseases would cause pleural abnormalities on CXR

A
  1. pleural effusion
  2. pneumothorax
68
Q

what three abnormalities might you see in the fissures of the lung on CXR

A
  1. presence
  2. shift in location
  3. abnormalities
69
Q

what changes in the mediastinum should be noted on a systematic review of a CXR

A
  1. cardiothoracic ratio
  2. widening
  3. shifts or abnormalities
70
Q

what are three examples of artificial changes to note on CXR

A
  1. surgical clips
  2. foreign bodies
  3. pacemakers
71
Q

define the mnemonic I Quit And Wanna Be Free

A

Identify the patient

Quality of the film

Air

Water (fluid)

Bone

Funny looking things (foreign bodies)

72
Q

should a CXR be symmetrical?

if not, why?

A

mostly symmetrical

  1. right hemidiaphragm should be a little higher
  2. left heart shadow more prominent
  3. aortic knob projects right
73
Q

why is it important to find lung markings and follow them to the edge of the chest

A

because they determine the size and contour of the lung

74
Q

what is wrong with this CXR

A

underpenetrated

75
Q

what is wrong with this CXR

A

over penetrated

76
Q

what is wrong with this CXR? how can you tell?

A

it is rotated

the clavicles are not equidistant from the spinous processes

Radiology (14 decks)

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