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Radiology > NM, IR, MRI, Lower Extremity > Flashcards

NM, IR, MRI, Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

two features that would indicate osteoarthritis

A

narrowed joint space with osteophytes

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2
Q

common view for the knee

A

AP

lateral

oblique

sunrise

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3
Q

what is the pathogenesis of pagets disease

A

hypermetabolic bone that breaks down and repairs bone over and over, making it prone to breaks

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4
Q

absolute and relative indications for an IVC filter

A

absolute: presence of DVT or PE, contraindication to coags, recurrent PE despite coags, anticoagulation related complications
relative: free floating thrombus, prophylaxis, poor compliance with anticoagulation

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5
Q

why can iodine be used for radioactive ablation of the thyroid

A

because the thyroid is the only place that takes up large amounts of iodine

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6
Q
A

salter harris I fibula

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7
Q
A

calcaneus fracture

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8
Q
A

talus

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9
Q

what is a HIDA scan used for

A

to evaluate the function of the gallbladder after a negative ultrasound when apin, bloating, nausea, chest pain persist

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10
Q

what is an AFR (IR)

what are the indications

A

aorta femoral runoff

claudcations with positive ABI, CTA, or MRA used to plan intervention

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11
Q
A

degenerative arthritis

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12
Q

are stable or unstable pelvic fracture smore common

A

stable

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13
Q
A

pubic ramus fracture

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14
Q

what disease process can lead to bowleggedness

A

degenerative arthritis of the knees

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15
Q

prep for an arteriogram

A

NPO

coags

creatinine and GFR

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16
Q

what is a nucelar stress test used for

A

presence, location, extent of CAD

assessment of ischemia

monitoring

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17
Q
A

subtrochanteric

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18
Q

what is needed for every IR proceedure

A

NPO

coags

GFR

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19
Q
A

distal fibula fracture

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20
Q

what would normal heart perfusion look like in a nuclear stress test

ischemia

infarct

A

evenly distributed blood flow

hypoperfusion on stress

hypoperfusion with stress and rest

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21
Q
A

outlet view

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22
Q

what are the indications for a mesentaric arteriogram

A

ischemia, GI bleed

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23
Q
A

bone to bone apposision medial

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24
Q

what is this

is it pathlogic

A

bipartite patella

no, its a normal variant

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25
Q

why would being diabetic be of consideration for PET scan

A

it uses radioactive sugar

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26
Q

when assessing for arthritis in the knee what is needed

A

AP and lateral that is weight bearing

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27
Q
A

segmental fracture of the left tibia

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28
Q
A

avulsion fracture

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29
Q

prep for IVC

A

NPO

check for allergy

creatinine and GFR

coags

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30
Q
A

open book fracture

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31
Q
A

pubic ramus fracture

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32
Q
A

osteoarthritis

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33
Q
A

comminuted right calcaneus fracture

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34
Q
A

navicular

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35
Q
A

hip arthritis

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36
Q
A

navicular

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37
Q
A

avascular necrosis

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38
Q
A

hip arthritis

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39
Q

what on a radiograph would indicate vertical shear on the pelvis

A

complex pattern of fractures directed toward the head

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40
Q

frank fracture

A

a fracture between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal

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41
Q
A

degenerative arthritis

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42
Q

what is the sunrise view for

A

patellar tracking issues

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43
Q

what is most likely true if one side of the pelvic ring is fractured

A

there will be a fracture on the other side

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44
Q
A

medial cuneiform

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45
Q

what is this

is it pathologic

A

fabella, a sesamoid bone in the gastroc tendon

no, but it can be mistaken for one

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46
Q

views of the hip

A

AP and Frog leg lateral

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47
Q
A

subcapital

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48
Q
A

calcaneus fracture

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49
Q

indications for IR venous access

prep

A

long term adminstration of chemo, blood products, antibiotics

NPO, coags

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50
Q
A

medial condyle

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51
Q

what is this

is it pathological

A

os trigonum

no, its a non union of the talus that can be mistaken for an avulsion

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52
Q

what radiographic sign would indicate an issue at the pubic symphysis

SI joint

A

PS >5mm

SI>4mm

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53
Q

T/F a fracture above the mortise that disturbs the mortise is unstable

A

true

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54
Q
A

pubic symphysis

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55
Q
A

straddle fracture

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56
Q
A

patella

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57
Q
A

lesser trochanter

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58
Q

why do femur fractures tend to be bayonetted

A

muscle contraction pulls the ends of the bones past each other

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59
Q

what is a DSA (IR)

A

digital subtracted arteriogram, takes out everything but the vascular structure

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60
Q
A

cuboid

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61
Q

contraindications for an exercise stress test

A

physical/neurological limitations

meds that preclude stress increases (CA blockers, beta blockers)

usntable angina

recent MI

uncontrolled systemic or pulmonary hypertension

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62
Q
A

stradle fracture

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63
Q
A

ischial tuberosity

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64
Q
A

degenerative arthritis

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65
Q
A

talus

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66
Q
A

femoral neck ffracture

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67
Q
A

intertrochanteric fracture

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68
Q

contraindications for IVC

A

lack of venous access

total thombosis of the IVC

sepsis

caval diameter <15mm

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69
Q
A

fibular neck

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70
Q
A

judet view

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71
Q
A

intercondylar eminence

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72
Q
A

avulsion fracture 5th metatarsal

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73
Q

hallux rigidus

A

arthritis of the big toe that causes pain on push off

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74
Q
A

legg-calve-perth

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75
Q
A

SI joint

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76
Q
A

sacrum

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77
Q
A

acetabular fracture

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78
Q
A

arthritic knee

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79
Q

what is an axial view of the foot used for

A

the evaluate the calcaneus for fracture

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80
Q

four types of arteriogram

A

AFR

cerebral

carotid

mesentaric

renal

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81
Q
A

sub trochanteric

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82
Q

two ways to allow for dialysis access

A

AV fistula

central catheter

83
Q

three conditions associated with unstable pelvis fractures

A

pevic organ damage

hemorrhage

shoch

84
Q
A

femoral neck fracture

85
Q
A

patella fracture

86
Q
A

arthritic knee

87
Q
A

open book fracture

88
Q
A

distal tibia fracture

89
Q

what is the hardest part of a thyroid scan

A

it lasts two days and requires lots of prep

90
Q

three feature to help identify avascular necrosis

A

snow cap, bite lesion, collapse of the femoral head

91
Q
A

lateral condyle

92
Q
A

lateral epicondyle

93
Q
A

intertrochanteric fracture

94
Q
A

pagets disease

95
Q
A

avascular necrosis

96
Q
A

avulsion fracture

97
Q
A

femoral neck fracture

98
Q

what are the indications for a renal arteriorgram

A

Uncontrolled HTN from stenosis or fibromuscular dysplasia

tumor emobolization

truama

99
Q
A

calcaneus fracture

100
Q
A

intertrochanteric fracture

101
Q
A
102
Q
A

malgiagne

103
Q

TIPS procedure

A

transhepatic portosystemic shunt

relieve portal hypertension leading to varices

104
Q

contraindications for a chemical nuclear stress test

A

brochospasm

systemic hypotension

mitral valve disease

105
Q

when would a judet view be used

A

when looking for fractures

106
Q

two types of interventions from IR

A

stents

embolizations

107
Q

what percent of pelvic fractures will include the acetabulum

if you suspect acetabular fracture what imaging will you need to do

A

20%

CT

108
Q
A

intertrochanteric fracture

109
Q
A

arthritic knee

110
Q
A

joint space

111
Q

F - J

A

F head of femur

G neck

H greater trochanter

I lesser trochanter

J ischial tuberosity

112
Q
A

bucket handle

113
Q
A

tibial plateau fracture

114
Q
A

femur fracture

115
Q
A

cuboid

116
Q
A

arthritic knee

117
Q
A

avulsion fracture 5th metatarsal

118
Q

four types of cancer and molecular imaging fround in NM

A

thyroid cancer and ablation

SM153 and Sr89 for pain relief

PET scan

Bone scan

119
Q
A

hallux valgus and small toe dislocation

120
Q

cardaic uses for pet

A

mycardial perfusion

viability

scaroidosis

121
Q
A

avulsion fracture

122
Q
A

inlet view

123
Q

three main vectors associated with pelvic injuries

A

AP compression

Lateral compression

vertical shear

124
Q
A

intermediate cuneiform

125
Q
A

acetabular fracture

126
Q
A

femoral neck fracture

127
Q
A

iliac crest

128
Q
A

5th metatarsal

129
Q

common x rays of the pelvis

A

AP

inlet

outlet

judet

130
Q

what would cause lateral compression of the pelvis

two radiographic signs

A

side impact

sacral buckle and horizontal pubic rami fracture

131
Q
A

head of the fibula

132
Q
A

greenstick fracture

133
Q

what are Y90 microspheres used to treat

A

unresectable hepatic carcinoma

134
Q
A

lateral condyle

135
Q
A

arthritic knee

136
Q

what would cause AP compression of the pelvis

two radiographic signs on xray

A

impact from the front or back

diastasis of the pubic symphysis or SI joint shifting

137
Q

in what population is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis common

what happens

what is the prognosis

A

obese pediatric males

the top of the femoral head slides off

surgery is needed to keep the slip from getting worse and there is a higher risk of hip replacement

138
Q

how many PET scans are patients allowed eachyear

A

3

139
Q
A

degenerative arthritis

140
Q

why would a V/Q scan be ordered

A

unable to do a CT because of IV size, renal failure, patient size, contrast allergy

141
Q
A

pubic ramus fracture

142
Q

T/F suspected Si joint pain my require CT

A

true, some small disruptions may only be visible on CT

143
Q
A

femoral neck fracture

144
Q

what is a possible complication of a pubic ring fracture

A

hemorrhage

145
Q

why is the frog leg view useful

A

it lets you see the lesser trochanter

146
Q
A

jones fracture

147
Q

what are the indications for a cerebral arteriogram

A

ischemia, hemorrhage, stroke, aneurysm

148
Q
A

femur fracture

149
Q
A

head of the femur

150
Q
A

acetabular fracture

151
Q

5 types of stable pelvis fractures

A

ramus fractures

avulsion fractures

isolated sacral fractures

sacrocaccygeal fractures

win fractures

152
Q

lovers fracture

A

a fracture of the calcaneus commonly cuased by landing on the feet from a height

153
Q
A

tibial plateau fracture

154
Q
A

medial epicondyle

155
Q

what is an IVC filter used for

A

the help catch blood clots from DVT

156
Q

what does aneurysm coiling entail

A

threading a wire up through the femoral artery into the bubble and filling it with wire

157
Q
A

calcaneus fracture

158
Q

neurology uses for PET

A

trauma

tumor

plaques

dementia

159
Q

what should you consider doing in the case of elderly falls

A

bilateral hip films

160
Q
A

calcaneus

161
Q
A

acetabular fracture

162
Q
A

obturator foramen

163
Q
A

head of the talus

164
Q

what is legg-calve-perthes

what is the prognosis

A

avascular necrosis commonly seen in pediatric males

with crutches and physical therapy the joint will regenerate

165
Q
A

avascular necrosis

166
Q

indications for a carotid arteriogram

when is it used

A

TIA, stroke

for stenting, or when other testing is unclear

167
Q

what is the difference between nuclear medicine and other imaging

A

it uses small amounts of radioactive material to test function of body structures

168
Q
A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

169
Q

if occult fracture, infection, or tumor is suspected in the hip what should be done

A

MIR

170
Q

three locations of avulsion fractures in the plevis

A

iliac spine

iliac crest

ischial tuberosity

171
Q
A

femur fracture

172
Q

common views used to image the foot

A

AP

lateral

oblique

weight bearing

axial

173
Q
A

malgiagne

174
Q
A

slipped capital femoral epihpysis

175
Q
A

medial condyle

176
Q
A

calcaneus fracture

177
Q
A

comminuted displaced medial tibial plateau fracture with disruption of the knee joint

178
Q
A

lateral cuneiform

179
Q

what pathology is shown here

A

degenerative arthritis

180
Q
A

lateral malleolus

181
Q
A

subcapital

182
Q
A

medial malleleous fracture

183
Q
A

distal fibula fracture

184
Q

what is a mortise view used for

A

the evaluated the talotibial joint

185
Q
A

straddle fracture

186
Q
A

medial malleolus

187
Q

oncology uses for PET

A

FDG for metabolic cancers

fluccicovine for prostate

188
Q
A

jones fracture

189
Q
A

subcappital

190
Q
A

diastasis of the pubic symphysis

191
Q

A - E

A

A iliac crest

B iliac wing

C SI joint

D ASIS

E acetabulum

192
Q

what are the indications for a percutaneous nephrostomy

A

obstructed ureter

large stone

hydronephrosis

193
Q

K - N

A

K superior pubic ramus

L inferior pubic ramus

M obturator foramen

N pubic symphysis

194
Q
A

epiphyseal line of the tibia

195
Q
A

axial view of calcanues

196
Q
A

legg-calve-perth

197
Q

why are tibial plateau fractures particularly challenging

A

its hard to get the contour of the joint back together

198
Q

what two modalities are used in interventional radiology

A

fluoro

US

199
Q

what is an NM renal scan used for

A

to determine if a renal issue is mechanical or physical

hypertension

transplany

200
Q

four types of unstable pelvis fractures

A

malgaigne

open book

bucket handle

straddle

201
Q
A

first metatarsal

202
Q

what are stents used for

what about embolizations

A

ischemia

tumors, GI bleeds, trauma

203
Q
A

calcaneus fracture

Radiology (14 decks)

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