Overactive bladder syndrome

Question 1

Define overactive bladder syndrome.

Answer 1

Frequent and sudden urge to urinate throughout the day.

Question 2

What is the aetiology of overactive bladder syndrome? What are the risk factors of overactive bladder syndrome?

Answer 2

Neurological disorders e.g. stroke, multiple sclerosis

Diabetes

Hormonal changes during menopause

Abnormalities in the bladder e.g. tumors or bladder stones

Iatrogenic

Excess consumption of caffeine or alcohol

Declining cognitive function due to aging

Incomplete bladder emptying e.g. due to prolapse

Question 3

Summarise the epidemiology of overactive bladder syndrome.

Answer 3

Very common

Question 4

What are the signs and symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome?

Answer 4

Feel a sudden urge to urinate that’s difficult to control

Urgency incontinence

Urinate frequently, usually eight or more times in 24 hours

Wake up more than two times in the night to urinate (nocturia)

Question 5

What investigations can be performed for overactive bladder syndrome?

Answer 5

Urinalysis

Abdo X-ray/CT to look for causes

Question 6

What is the management for overactive bladder syndrome?

Answer 6

Treatment of underlying health conditions

Kegel exercises (pelvic floor exercises)

Question 7

What are complications of overactive bladder syndrome?

Answer 7

Emotional distress or depression

Anxiety

Sleep disturbances and interrupted sleep cycles